Oral cancer is a serious concern to people all over the world because of its high mortality rate and metastatic spread to other areas of the body. Despite recent advancements in biomedical research, OC detection at an early stage remains a challenge and is complex and inaccurate with conventional diagnostics procedures. It is critical to study innovative approaches that can enable a faster, easier, non-invasive, and more precise diagnosis of OC in order to increase the survival rate of patients. In this paper, we conducted a review on how biosensors might be an excellent tool for detecting OC. This review covers the strategies that use different biosensors to target various types of biomarkers and focuses on biosensors that function at the molecular level viz. DNA biosensors, RNA biosensors, and protein biosensors. In addition, we reviewed non-invasive electrochemical methods, optical methods, and nano biosensors to analyze the OC biomarkers present in body fluids such as saliva and serum. As a result, this review sheds light on the development of ground-breaking biosensors for the early detection and diagnosis of OC.

Background: Central nervous system neoplasms represent a   unique, heterogeneous population of neoplasms and include both benign and malignant  tumours. The tumours of central nervous system are reported to be less than 2% of all malignancies. Aim: To study the frequency of intracranial tumours and their histopathological typing and their correlation with several clinical variables such as age, sex and clinical symptoms . Material & Methods: Study Design: Hospital based Prospective observational study. Study area: Dept. of. Pathology, Study Period: 2 years. Study population: patients who presented with signs and symptoms of primary intracranial tumours were examined and followed up for the histopathological diagnosis. Sample size: Study population consisted a total of 68 patients.  Sampling method: Simple Random sampling method. Inclusion criteria: Patients with both benign as well as malignant primary neoplasms of the brain including pituitary tumours. Exclusion criteria: All the spinal cord, calvarial and metastatic tumours were excluded. Ethical consideration: Institutional Ethical committee permission was taken prior to the commencement of the study. Study tools and Data collection procedure: Staining Procedures Adopted: After grossing, proper tissue bits were subjected for routine processing, fixation, dehydration, clearing and embedding in paraffin wax and blocks were made.

Diabetes is one of the most prevalent metabolic illnesses that can be fatal, and it is the ninth-largest cause of mortality worldwide. Even though there are effective hypoglycemic medications available for the treatment of diabetes, researchers continue to look for a medication that is more effective and has fewer adverse effects by focusing on various metabolic components such as enzymes, transporters, receptors. The enzyme Glucokinase (GCK), which is present mainly in the liver and beta cells of the pancreas, is involved in maintaining blood glucose homeostasis. Hence, the present in silico study is designed to determine the interaction between GCK and compounds (ligands) of Coleus amboinicus. In the current docking investigation, we discovered that important residues, including ASP-205, LYS-169, GLY-181, and ILE-225, significantly influence in ligand binding affinity. Docking tests of these compounds with target proteins revealed that this is a suitable molecule that docks well with the target of diabetes treatment. In conclusion, we believe that the compounds of caryophyllene have anti-diabetic activity based on the present study.