We report the first case of a fetus with sirenomelia or mermaid syndrome, whose Afghanian parents were heavy user of a special form of snuff. The case was diagnosed as a mermaid syndrome but some of the features were common to both symmelia dipus and symmelia apus, for example, the single lower extremity had the normal femur, tibia and fibula, but the single foot was rotated medially. The digestive tube ended to a massive closed saclike structure and the anus was absence. The external genital organs were rudiment and the normal testes were undescended. Aorta was divided to branches, such that the external iliac arteries were very small in comparison to the internal iliac arteries. Inferior Vena cava was placed on to the left side of the aorta and unlike the majority of reported mermaid syndrome, the bladder was present. So, the researchers believe that the present case is a rare variant of the mermaid syndrome.

Objective: The aim of this study was registration of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in Yazd (the first phase of registration). Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study on the first phase registration of T1DM in Yazd, Iran. Participants in this study included all patients diagnosed with T1DM by an endocrinologist. Data were analyzed by SPSS20 statistical software. Non-parametric tests were used in this study. Median ± Range was used to describe the data. Stata 13 software was used to calculate the confidence interval for the prevalence. Results: Yazd T1DM registry (YT1DMR) was conducted from June 2018 to August 2020. All new and old cases of T1DM were registered. YT1DMR was able to identify 158 T1DM and it registered the data of 128 patients. The age of the participants was between 2.5 - 57 years old. Median ± Range of age in these participants was calculated 17 ± 54.5. In terms of gender, (57.81%, CI= 48.76-66.48) of these patients were male. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in these patients was 17.32 (CI= 11.18- 25.04) and 6.29% (CI= 2.75-12.03), respectively. Conclusion: In the future, all patients with T1DM in Yazd province are expected to enroll in the YT1DMR and be followed up.