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Background BCC is currently the most common type of skin cancer in humans. Although having a low-grade malignancy and metastatic potential, BCC is locally aggressive and destructive. Despite numerous studies, the origin of BCC, whether arising from the follicular or interfollicular layer, remains controversial. Objectives This study aims to evaluate whether BCC arises from the follicular or interfollicular layer by using immunohistochemical staining. Methods Twenty-three specimens of superficial and nodular BCC at its very early stage were examined. The samples were immunohistochemically stained using BerEP4 antibody. The stained specimens were then examined and scored by 2 independent observers. Results BerEP4 was found to be strongly positive in all BCC lesions, including a very early lesions budding off the basal layer of the epidermis. Conclusion This study confirmed that the origin site of BCC is basal layer of epidermis. This finding suggests that BCC arises from the interfollicular epidermis.

Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) is a malignant neoplasm derived from nonkeratinizing cells that originate in the basal layer of the epidermis, which is locally invasive, aggressive, destructive, and rarely metastasize. BCC is more common in the elderly. Etiopathogenesis associated with BCC is genetic, environmental, and most often is exposure to ultraviolet light. Clinically, there are five types of BCC, which are nodular, superficial, morpheaform, pigmented, and fibroepitelioma Pinkus. Early detection of skin cancer can be done with self skin examination. Definitive diagnosis of malignancy is determined by anatomical pathology examination. However, for very early BCC lesion, it’s difficult to determine with hematoxylin eosin staining. Therefore, it is uses Ber-EP4 staining which is specific and highly sensitive for early BCC growing as budding in basal layer of the epidermis and follicles. This finding is particularly significant in the development of molecular pathology and clinical management of BCC lesions or suspected BCC. ABSTRAKKarsinoma Sel Basal (KSB) merupakan neoplasma ganas dari sel yang tidak mengalami keratinisasi pada lapisan basal epidermis, bersifat invasif lokal, agresif, destruktif, dan jarang bermetastasis. KSB lebih sering terjadi pada usia lanjut. Etiopatogenesis yang berkaitan dengan KSB adalah genetik, lingkungan, dan yang paling sering adalah paparan sinar ultraviolet. Secara klinis, terdapat lima tipe KSB, yaitu nodular, superfisial, morpheaform, pigmented, dan fibroepitelioma Pinkus. Deteksi dini kanker kulit dapat dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan kulit sendiri (SAKURI). Diagnosis pasti keganasan ditentukan dengan pemeriksaan patologi anatomi. Namun, untuk lesi sangat dini KSB sulit ditentukan dengan pewarnaan hematoksilin eosin. Oleh karena itu, digunakanlah pewarnaan Ber-EP4 yang bersifat spesifik dan sangat sensitif untuk KSB dini yang tumbuh sebagai tunas di lapisan basal epidermis dan folikel. Temuan ini sangat berarti dalam pengembangan patologi molekuler dan penanganan klinis lesi KSB atau yang dicurigai KSB.

We have investigated the steady-state turnover of murine epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) using an X-irradiation model, 3H-thymidine autoradiography and cultured epidermal sheet explants, and by assessing the LC population in normal mice. The LC density after whole-body irradiation without any cutaneous shielding was not significantly different from that in skin shielded during whole-body irradiation (P > 0.05), indicating that the additional irradiation to the skin did not contribute to a decrease in LC density. In both instances, the LC number gradually decreased in a linear fashion. The results indicate that epidermal LCs continuously leave the epidermis and are continually replaced by circulating precursor cells from the bone marrow at a steady rate. Autoradiographic studies after a pulse injection of 3H-thymidine showed a labelling index of 0.013%, indicating that local mitosis is not an important contributor to the maintenance of the epidermal LC population. Although local X-irradiation resulted in temporary reduction of LC density, epidermal sheet explant culture obtained immediately after local X-irradiation showed no difference in LC density as compared with control unirradiated skin, indicating that the decrease in LC density was not due to significant LC destruction. From these data, we calculated that the half-life of murine LCs in the epidermis is approximately 9 days.

Objective:To analyze the role of cancer stem cells (CSC) in ovarian carcinogenesis through the identification of CD133 expression in the normal ovary (NO), serous cystadenoma (SC), borderline serous tumour (BST), lowgrade serous carcinoma (LGSC), and high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC). Materials and methods: A total of 48 tissue samples contain 5 NO, 10 SC, 5 BST, 8 LGSC, and 20 HGSC were stained with anti-CD133 antibody by immunohistochemical protocol. The difference in the H-score of CD133 expression between groups and their relationship to age, histomorphology, and localization was analyzed. Results: CD133 expression varied among tumor groups, with clinicopathologic parameters showing diverse associations (age p = 0.773; histomorphology p = 0.001; and localization p = 0.026). The comparison of CD133 H-scores differed significantly between each group (p = 0.0031), in which precursor and malignant lesions possessed more robust CD133 expression. Conclusion: The presence of CD133 cellular expression and localization in different types of serous ovarian tumours suggests that these markers are involved in ovarian tumorigenesis.