Background: Pregnancy has great influence on maternal thyroid gland. It induces significant physiological as well as hormonal changes that alters the maternal thyroid function. Our goal was to determine this pregnancy associated changes in thyroid gland. Objective: To correlate the sonographic findings of maternal thyroid gland with thyroid function tests during pregnancy. Material and methods: 135 pregnant women were recruited in this study, data of TSH, T3 and T4 was obtained and correlated it with the sonographic findings of maternal thyroid gland in each trimester of pregnancy. Results: In the 135 sampled pregnant women, mean thyroid gland volume was 4.08±1.19 cm3. The mean levels of T3, T4 and TSH were v3.37±.44 pmol/L, 14.96±2.49 pmol/L and 1.21±.92 mIU/L respectively. A remarkable correlation between thyroid hormones and thyroid volume was observed. Conclusion: It is concluded that the ultra-sonographic findings is correlated with the thyroid function tests during pregnancy.

Background: The Presence of palpable breast mass may be an indication of breast cancer. Early and accurate diagnosis for the breast masses is important for therapeutic purpose. Purpose: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of mammographic and sonographic findings in the differentiation of palpable breast masses taking histopathology as a gold standard. Materials and Methods: 134 females were involved in the study. Sonographic and mammographic findings of palpable breast masses were obtained with the help of which diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound and mammography was calculated while taking histopathology as a gold standard. Results: Mean age in 134 females was found to be 44.2±4.7 years. Sn, Sp, PPV, NPV, disease prevalence and accuracy of ultrasound in diagnosis of palpable breast lumps were 99.09%, 79.17%, 95.61%, 95.00%, 82.09% and 95.52% respectively. Sn, Sp, PPV, NPV and accuracy of mammography in diagnosis of palpable breast lumps were 95.45%, 62.50%, 92.11%, 75.00% and 89.55% while disease prevalence was same as that of ultrasound i.e. 82.09% respectively. Conclusion: Ultrasound showed higher diagnostic accuracy in the evaluation of palpable breast masses than mammography while taking histopathology as a gold standard. It is noteworthy in differentiating breast masses.