The relevance of the investigated problem is caused by the need of the coverage of little-known episodes in the Russian-Turkish relations, which is the period of the Balkan wars. The purpose of the article is to analyze the materials of the Tatar journalists, who worked in Istanbul in the first months of the Balkan War (November-December 1912) and studied he political situation in the Ottoman Empire. We use historical and situational method, as a leading approach to the investigation of this problem which involves the study of historical facts in the context of the era being studied in conjunction with the "neighboring" events and facts. Having studied the materials of the Tatar journalists that were in Istanbul during the Balkan War, we can conclude that they had close ties with their local counterparts, as well as many Ottoman politicians, and have seen, and possibly were the members of the political struggle in the capital of the Ottoman Empire. The materials may be useful for a deeper and more accurate coverage of history, both Turkey and the Muslims of Russia.

The relevance of the research is determined by the importance of modernization of Russian education in high school which provides specialized education and is designated as a means of differentiation and individualization of learning. The aim of the article is to study changes in the structure, content and organization of educational process. Elective courses (electives) play an important role in the system of Special Education. Unlike optional courses, currently existing at school, elective courses are obligatory. The main approaches used in this research are analysis and systematization. According to the concept of Special Education at the senior level of general education approved by the Russian Ministry of Education differentiation of learning content in high school is based on various combinations of three types of courses: basic, core, elective. Each of these types of courses contributes to the objectives of Special Education. However, you can select the range of tasks, prior for each type of course. The main results of the study allow taking more fully into account the interests, aptitudes and abilities of students, creating conditions for their training according to their professional interests and intentions with regard to continuing education. The materials of the study may be used by educational administrative staff while settling the schedule of a studying course.