Treatment to replace missing teeth with implants has been available for nearly 50 years. However, many implants are subject to peri-implantitis because of resorption of the bone supporting the implant. Therefore periodontal maintenance to avoid bacterial infection around an implant device is essential. There are several methods of maintenance available to remove bacterial infections. One of these methods involves the direct removal of bacterial infection in the implant sulcus using tooth surface abrasives. Abrasives that contain glycine are recommended because of their biocompatibility with the tooth surface. The purpose of this study was to examine the cellular behavior of human gingival epithelial cells on the surface after abrasion with adjunctive glycine air-polishing powder. We treated the titanium surface with air-polishing abrasives containing glycine or sodium bicarbonate, then examined the structural surface change and wettability, as well as the proliferative potency and gene expression of adherent gingival epithelial cells. The glycine-containing abrasives exhibited higher biocompatibility than the sodium bicarbonate abrasive, and the use of abrasives with small average particle size may be useful in the removal of bacterial infections around implants.

The source of a fever of unknown origin (FUO) and watery diarrhea in a 63-yr-old female with a history of disturbance of consciousness due to moyamoya disease was examined. Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), colonoscopy, blood analysis, and determination of cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigenemia were performed. FDG was found to be accumulated in the wall of a dilated colon, and extended from the transverse to sigmoid colon. Colonoscopy revealed edematous, inflammatory, and punched out lesions in accordance with the areas of abnormal FDG uptake. A biopsy specimen showed the antibody of CMV in the colonic mucosa, and CMV antigenemia was detected by an immunohistochemical assay using a monoclonal antibody for CMV pp65 antigen. From these findings, we strongly suspected CMV enteritis.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the main etiologies and risk factors for periodontal disease, and is an important concern in periodontal medicine. It has been reported that high glucose concentrations mediate proliferation, differentiation and production of inflammatory cytokines on mesenchymal cells, but there are few reports on periodontal regenerative therapy in type II DM patients. The aim of this study was to examine the biological effects of high glucose conditions on GK rat (type II model) bone marrow mesenchymal cells (GK rat BMMSC). Cell culture experiments were performed with GK rat BMMSC. The effects of glucose at four concentrations (5.5, 8, 12 and 24 mM) were determined by examining cell proliferation, differentiation and production of inflammatory cytokines; the latter three concentrations are higher than the normal physiological glucose concentration, represented by 5.5 mM. High concentrations of glucose promoted proliferation and inhibited hard tissue differentiation and calcification of GK rat BMMSC. Differentiation correlated inversely with the expression of inflammatory cytokines, represented by IL-6. Our data suggest that high extracellular glucose concentrations promote proliferation and inhibit hard tissue differentiation and calcification in periodontal regeneration by causing an inflammatory response dependent on cytokines including IL-6.

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