No abstract

In our material the most of cases was caused by otitis media with cholesteatoma. The best outcome was obtained after decompression of the facial nerve. The rehabilitation before and after surgery play the very important role in the recovery.

Introduction: The topic of tongue tie causes a lot of discussion among specialists in areas of interest. The term ankyloglossia has been defined as a state of the lingual frenulum hindering its motor function. Aim: The aim of the study is to present the current views on the short lingual frenulum. Material and methods: The literature from 2019–2021 on this topic was searched for in PubMed and Google Scholar using keywords. Results: Ankyloglossia is a congenital abnormality that can cause difficulties in breastfeeding newborns and infants and that is the most important problem of this structure. Discussion: The affected sucking reflex generates further dysfunctions in the area of the oropharyngeal space, which may lead to malocclusion and speech impediments. The procedure of frenotomy is primarily aimed at achieving the correct tongue motility. High individual variability in the structure of the frenulum and the occurrence of compensation mechanisms among newborns who suck the breast incorrectly, make it difficult to develop a universal classification for assessing the indications for surgery. The current state of knowledge justifies the need for further, extensive interdisciplinary research and reaching a consensus regarding the procedure.

Program "Słysze" had a high specificality--0.93, sensitivity--0.70, ability to identify--0.92. A positive predictive value was--0.40, and negative predictive value was--0.98.

The aim of this study was analysis of results of audiologic evaluation in the group of 191 children with hearing loss. Children were selected from the group of 8885 pupils of primary schools in Silesia by screening test "Słysze" in 2002. Universal Screening Program of Hearing in Children and Teenage "Słysze" was created and introduced in to the clinic practice by Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing in Warsaw in 1999. The screening program consists of: pure tone examination and speech audiometry in noise. Children with hearing loss detected by this test in 2002 were followed laryngological and audiological examination. Special attention was paid on articulation disturbances, communicational and educational problems in children with hearing loss. The authors focused also attention on "discreet signs of hearing deficiency" (not reacting to commands, turning up a TV-set, loud speech). The validation of screening test "Słysze" was also conducted. In the selected population of primary schoolchildren in Silesia hypoacusis occurred in 6% of examined children, in "city" schools the percentage proved to be higher than in "village" schools. In the group aged 6 to 10 the conductive hearing loss occurred considerable more frequently. Eustachian tube dysfunctions in children with conductive hearing loss occurred more frequently in the group of the younger ones. Older than 10 years old in most cases proved to have perceptive-type of hearing loss. The hearing loss hinders a child's psycho-intellectual development, it is important to detect it as early as possible. The evaluations showed that despite frequent occurrence of "discreet symptoms of hypoacusis", only 17.8% of parents suspected hearing loss in their own child. According to the frequency of parents' signals of "discreet symptoms of hypoacusis" it was found that the fact of turning up TV sound was the most powerful sign indicating the probability of hearing loss (45.5%). The most common risk factors of hearing loss in schoolchildren were also estimated. A characteristic, homogenous group of 34 children (17.8%) was the group with MSHL minimal sensorineral hearing loss of high frequencies (6-8 kHz). Results obtained give evidence of low level of awareness in the society concerning the problem of hypoacusis, which confirms the necessity to screening of hearing in schoolchildren and improving of health care in this respect. Diagnosing hypoacusis in case of children is an interdisciplinary problem, requiring cooperation of medical circles but also teachers, speech therapists and parents.