Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen causing nosocomial infection in human. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the presence of genes involved in biofilm formation in K. pneumoniae isolated from patients and the presence of antibiotic resistance genes. Methods: Biochemical tests were used for the identification of K. pneumonia isolated from urine samples referred to hospitals in Tehran, Iran, from Sep 2018 to Jan 2020. The antibiotic resistance pattern was performed and biofilm formation was assessed phenotypically. Finally, β-lactamase genes and adhesion genes were detected by the PCR method. Results: We collected 457 K. pneumoniae isolates from hospitals in Tehran, Iran. 110 isolates were resistant to imipenem. Fifty isolates were positive for metallo-β-lactamases that thirty-nine isolates (35.45%) has blaKPC gene, 18 isolates (16.36%) had blaVIM-1 gene and 9 isolates (8.18%) had blaIMP-1 gene detected by PCR. Sixty isolates (54.54%) had strong biofilm, 35 isolates (31.81%) had moderate biofilm and 15 isolates (13.63%) had weak biofilm. The presence of adhesion genes in K. pneumoniae isolates significantly correlated with resistance genes (P<0.001). Conclusion: It is clear antibacterial resistance has been significant association with biofilm formation in K. pneumoniae isolates. Therefore, understanding resistance pattern and mechanisms leading to biofilm formation can facilitate efficient treatment of infections caused by K. pneumoniae.

Contrast to the impact of breakfast consumption on student's scores success;it has not been investigated in Iran.Assess the association between breakfast and snack consumption with math score and attention in class among high school studentsin Tehran had importance.In a cross-sectional study with descriptive-analytic aspects, 300 high school students in Tehran were studied. Sampling was done as a simple stratified method. Data were collected by a researcher made questionnaire and were analyzed with SPSS software.The mean age of participants was 16.2±0.9. Average of tuition and math score were 17.3±1.8 and 15.6±3.8. 72.6% of students take breakfast every day and only 2.1% went to school without it. 64.6% ate snack every day. There was no correlation between taking of breakfast with the level of attention in class and tuition, but the math score was correlated with breakfast (p=0.045, r=0.107). There wasn't any association between math scores and level of attention with consumption of snacks (p>0.05). There is a significant relationship between taking of breakfast with BMI (p<0.001, [CI:0.001-0.010]). Eating breakfast can have a positive impact on scores of subjects, especially math score. It is essential to perform studies with control groups to achieve more accurate results.

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