Coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic invades the world. Public health evaluates the incidence of infections and death, which should be reduced and need desperately quarantines for infected individuals. This article review refers to the roles of Ginkgo Biloba to reduce the risk of infection in the respiratory tract, the details on the epidemiology of corona COVID-19 and influenza, and it highlights how the Ginko Biloba could have been used as a novel treatment. Ginkgo Biloba can reduce the risk of infection by several mechanisms; these mechanisms involve Ginkgo Biloba contains quercetin and other constituents, which have anti-inflammatory and immune modulator effects by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines concentrations. Cytokines cause inflammation which have been induced the injuries in lung lining. Some observational studies confirmed that Ginkgo Biloba reduced the risk of asthma, sepsis and another respiratory disease as well as it reduced the risk of cigarette smoking on respiratory symptoms. While other evidences suggested the characters of Ginkgo Biloba as an antivirus agent through several mechanisms. Ginkgolic acid (GA) can inhibit the fusion and synthesis of viral proteins, thus, it inhibit the Herpes Simplex Virus type1 (HSV-1), genome replication in Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and the infections of the Zika Virus (ZIKV). Also, it inhibits the wide spectrum of fusion by inhibiting the three types of proteins that have been induced fusion as (Influenza A Virus [IAV], Epstein Barr Virus [EBV], HIV and Ebola Virus [EBOV]). The secondary mechanism of GA targeting inhibition of the DNA and protein synthesis in virus, greatly have been related to its strong effects, even afterward the beginning of the infection, therefore, it potentially treats the acute viral contaminations like (Measles and Coronavirus COVID-19). Additionally, it has been used topically as an effective agent on vigorous lesions including (varicella-zoster virus [VZV], HSV-1 and HSV-2). Ginkgo Biloba may be useful for treating the infected people with coronavirus COVID-19 through its beneficial effect. To assess those recommendations should be conducted with random control trials and extensive population studies.

Viruses can infect almost all the types of life forms, from animals, plants to microorganisms. They are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most numerous types of biological entity. The present pandemic on Earth due to SARS COV 2, coronavirus has given a big jolt to the scientific community and created a deep curiosity in us to understand the virus and its interaction biochemically in humans. We did a small project by researching and compiling the information about its outbreak and host-pathogen interactions. To understand this pandemic COVID 19 and the virus, we as students learnt the structural morphology of virus and its role in the host-pathogen interaction. We used several online platforms for our study like PubMed, Scopus, WHO, ICMR and CDC Websites.

Maerua pseudopetalosa (Gilg and Bened.) De Wolf tubers which are used traditionally as antitumor agent in Sudan were subjected to separation by column chromatography technique. Eight fractions were obtained for the ethyl acetate extract and twelve for the ethanolic extract. The ethanolic fractions F 8 , F 9 , F 11 and F 12 , with high bioactivity were subjected to further investigations. 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used for assessment of the cytotoxicity. Remarkable cytotoxicity against Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) was shown, for the first time. Actually, the results revealed that F 12 is a very promising one with remarkable activity against MCF-7 cell lines (43.51 µg/g at 72 h), high antioxidant activity (91.3% by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 97% by ABTS) and flavonoid and phenolic contents (11.75 and 20.72 mg/g). Six compounds were detected in F 9 (syrngic 11.65 µg/g, sinapic 8 µg/g) and F 12 (gallic 88.12 µg/g, caffic 11.1 µg/g, sinapic 38.67 µg/g) which were not recorded in any previous work in the available literature by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Objective: This work was designed to investigate the effect of Vitamin E and the coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation on neurotoxicity induced by doxorubicin (DOX) in rats.Methods: Forty-nine adult Albino rats of both sexes were utilized in this study; animals were randomly enrolled into seven groups of seven animals each. Group I: Control (rats administered corn oil); Group II: Vitamin E at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day for 3 weeks; Group III: CoQ10 at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day for 3 weeks; Group IV: DOX (2.5 mg/kg) intraperitoneally (IP) injected every other day for 2 weeks; Group V: Vitamin E (100 mg/kg/day) orally administered for 3 weeks prior to a DOX 2.5 mg/kg IP injected every other day for 2 weeks; Group VI: CoQ10 (50 mg/kg/day) for 3 weeks orally administered prior to an IP dose of DOX 2.5 mg/kg every other day for 2 weeks; and Group VII: CoQ10 (50 mg/kg/day), Vitamin E (100 mg/kg) for 3 weeks orally administered prior to an IP dose of DOX 2.5 mg/kg every other day for 2 weeks. Twenty-four hour after the end of the treatment duration, brain of each animal was excised and part of it to be utilized to prepare homogenate for the estimation of caspase-3 (CASP-3), and the remaining part is used for immunohistochemistry examination and to estimate the percent of apoptotic index by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay.Results: Vitamin E and CoQ10 significantly (p<0.05) reduced CASP-3, reduced the percent apoptotic index of TUNEL-assay, and there was an improvement in the immunohistochemistry of rats’ brain in Groups V, Group VI, and group VII by reducing number of apoptotic cells compared to Group IV.Conclusion: Both Vitamin E and CoQ10 may have a protective effect against DOX-induced neurotoxicity in rats.

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