There are many applications of two-phase hybrid stepping motor (2Ph-HSM) system. The robotic grinding system (RGS) one of these applications. In this work, under the title variable speed control. The aim is Simulink the 2Ph-HSM in RGS with a proportional-integral controller (PIC) and optimization unit such as Genetic Algorithm (GA) which tuning PIC as (GA_PIC) to improve the RGS action by improving the parameters of PIC. Also comparing the act of PIC and GA_PIC to see which state is the best. The simulation results of this work show the GA_PIC is the best that comparative with PIC.

The life development and increase the number of internet users imposed an increase in data circulating on the internet network and then make the network more congestion. As a result of all this, some problems arose such as time delay in packets delivery, loss of packets, and exceed the buffer capacity for the middle routers. To overcome those problems, transmission control protocol and active queue management (TCP/AQM) have been used. AQM is the main approach used to control congestion and overcome those problems to improve network performance. This work proposes to use the proportional-integral (PI) controller with a genetic algorithm (GA) as an active queue manager for routers of the Internet. The simulation results show a good performance for managing the congestion with using proportional-integral genetic algorithm (GA-PI) controller better than the PI controller.

Internet networks are becoming more crowded every day due to the rapid development of modern life, which causes an increase in the demand for data circulating on the Internet. This creates several problems, such as buffer overflow of intermediate routers, and packet loss and time delay in packet delivery. The solution to these problems is to use a TCP/AQM system. The simulation results showed that there were differences in performance between the different controllers used. The proposed methods were simulated along with the required conditions in nonlinear systems to determine the best performance. It was found that the use of optimization Department of Electro-mechanical Engineering, University of Technology - Iraq tools (GA, FL) with a controller could achieve the best performance. The simulation results demonstrated the ability of the proposed methods to control the behavior of the system. The controller systems were simulated using Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results showed that the performance was better with the use of GA-PIDC compared to both FL-PIDC and PIDC in terms of stability time, height, and overrun ratio for a network with a variable queue that was targeted for comparison. The results were: the bypass ratio was 0, 3.3 and 21.8 the settling time was 0.002, 0.055, and 0.135; and the rise time was 0.001, 0.004 and 0.008 for GA-PIDC, FL-PIDC and PIDC, respectively. These results made it possible to compare the three control techniques.

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<span lang="EN-US">The slotted waveguide antenna is one of the most important antennas used in high-frequency applications, in radars, navigation systems, remote sensing systems and communications because of its efficiency and high gains. In this paper, the slotted waveguide antenna was designed and simulated with suitable specifications with a working frequency range of 2-2.45 where this antenna was checked by plotting S parameters in the designed frequency band and we got a very good reflection coefficient for the designed antenna (S11) at the operating frequency, draw and illustrate the three-dimensional radiation pattern of the designed antenna that shows the gain and bandwidth at the operating frequency. The performance of a 9-element slotted waveguide array antenna with an operating frequency of up to 12 GHz was also investigated by plotting the S11 parameters and illustrating the designed antenna directivity diagram.We obtained the reflection coefficient of the designed array antenna (S11) below -23 dB at the operating frequency, and the SWG antenna directivity pattern with a maximum value of=13.2 dB and a minimum value of=-23 dB.</span>