A cirurgia de terceiros molares, embora seja um procedimento rotineiro em nível ambulatorial pode evoluir para complicações trans ou pós-operatorias, as quais o cirurgião deverá estar apto para conduzir os casos da maneira mais adequada. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a prevalência das complicações associados a terceiros molares em um serviço de referência no sertão paraibano, Brasil. Este estudo se trata de pesquisa retrospectiva com levantamentos de dados através de prontuários odontológicos, os quais para serem inclusos para análise deveriam estar preenchidos completamente e os pacientes terem se submetidos a exodontias de algum terceiro molar e acompanhado por pelo menos 07 dias pós-operatório. A amostra foi formada com 226 prontuários, os quais registram 483 desses tipos de exodontias. Verificou-se que as complicações tiveram uma prevalência geral de 8,9%, de forma que as mais frequentes foram fratura radicular (27,9%), alveolite (20,93%), parestesia do nervo alveolar inferior (18,6%), parestesia do nervo lingual (7,0%), hemorragia trans-operatória (7,0%), fratura do túber da maxila (4,65%), parestesia do nervo facial (2,32%), luxação da ATM (2,32%), fratura de broca (2,32%), hemorragia pós-operatória (2,32%), laceração de tecido mole (2,32%), e lipotínea (2,32%). Conclui-se que os pacientes na faixa etária de 16 a 25 anos, do gênero feminino foram os mais acometidos e a fratura radicular apresentou-se mais prevalente seguida da alveolite e parestesia do nervo alveolar inferior.Descritores: Prevalência; Cirurgia Bucal; Dente Serotino.ReferênciasCosta MG, Pazzini CA, Pantuzo MCG, Jorge MLR, Marques LS. Is there justification for prophylactic extraction of third molars? A systematic review. Braz Oral Res. 2013;27(2):183-88.Chang SK, Perrott DH, Susarla SM, Dodson TB. 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