The Sinos River, in southern Brazil, is polluted by industrial discharges and untreated urban wastes. Fish genotoxicity biomarkers are valuable parameters for environmental risk assessment. In this study, we used the comet assay to detect genotoxicity due to multiple sources of pollution in the peripheral blood of a native fish species (Hyphessobrycon luetkenii). In addition, we analysed possible DNA damage from aluminum, lead, chromium, copper, nickel, iron and zinc contamination. Water samples were collected seasonally from three sampling sites and the fish were assessed under laboratory conditions. Water chemical analysis showed an increased level of aluminum and iron in most of the samples at sites 2 and 3, located in the middle and lower river course, respectively. The index of DNA damage assessed by the comet assay demonstrated no significant differences in different seasons or at the different sampling sites, while the frequency of cells with DNA damage was higher in water samples collected at sites 1 and 2 during the spring season. None of the metals studied seems to be associated with the increase in the frequency of cells with DNA damage observed during the spring season. The results of this study indicate that the Sinos River is contaminated with substances that are genotoxic to fish, including the waters near the river spring.Keywords: genotoxicity, river pollution, biomarkers, metals. Avaliação da genotoxicidade da água do rio dosSinos utilizando o ensaio cometa em peixes ResumoO rio dos Sinos, no sul do Brasil, é poluído tanto por descargas industriais como por resíduos urbanos não tratados. Os biomarcadores de genotoxicidade em peixes são parâmetros valiosos para a determinação de risco ambiental. Neste estudo, utilizamos o ensaio cometa em sangue periférico de um peixe nativo (Hyphessobrycon luetkenii) para detectar a genotoxicidade devido a múltiplas fontes de poluição. Além disso, analisamos a possível influência da contaminação por alumínio, chumbo, cromo, cobre, níquel, ferro e zinco sobre o dano de DNA. Amostras de água foram coletadas sazonalmente em três pontos de coleta e os peixes foram expostos sob condições de laboratório. A análise química da água mostrou níveis elevados de alumínio e ferro na maioria das amostras dos pontos 2 e 3, localizados nos cursos médio e inferior do rio, respectivamente. O índice de dano de DNA estimado pelo ensaio cometa não demonstrou diferenças significativas tanto entre estações como entre pontos de coleta, enquanto que a frequência de células com dano de DNA apresentou valores superiores nas amostras de água coletadas durante a primavera nos pontos 1 e 2. Nenhum dos metais estudados parece estar associado com o aumento na frequência de células com dano de DNA observado durante a primavera. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que o rio dos Sinos está contaminado com substâncias genotóxicas para os peixes, incluindo as águas próximas à nascente do rio. results. Moreover, genotoxicity assays in fish erythrocytes has not been used to evaluate the genot...

Viral gastroenteritis and other waterborne diseases are a major concern for health in Brazil. A number of studies were conducted about the presence of viruses on water samples from Brazilian areas. However, the knowledge about the occurrence of viral contamination of drinking water sources in rural settings of the country is insufficient. On the present work, 15 samples from 5 dairy farms located at the municipality of Tenente Portela were collected and analysed for the presence of human adenoviruses (HAdV), as well as human enteroviruses (EV) and rotaviruses (RV). HAdV was present on 66.66% of the water samples, and have been found in all samples from artesian wells and springs, which are used as sources of drinking water for the individuals inhabiting those farms. EV and RV found only in one sample each. The detection rates of HAdV on the water from these dairy farms are alarming and point towards a situation of elevated environmental contamination by fecal microorganisms of human origin and poor basic sanitation conditions.

No abstract

No abstract

Torque teno virus (TTV) was surveyed in tap water collected in schools from three municipalities located in the south of Brazil. TTV genomes were found in 11.7 % (4/34) of the samples. TTV DNA was detected in 10.5 % (2/19) of the samples collected at the city of Caxias do Sul and in 25 % (2/8) of the samples from Pelotas. Those cities have a low rate of sewage treatment. All samples from Santa Cruz do Sul, which has nearly 92 % of its sewage treated, were negative. These results suggest that the amount of sewage treated may have an effect on the detection rates of TTV DNA in drinking water in a given urban area, showing a mild negative correlation (r = -0.76), when comparing the percentage of sewage treatment to the detection of TTV genomes. The detection rate of TTV was also compared with Escherichia coli, showing a strong correlation (r = 0.97), indicating that TTV may be a suitable marker of fecal contamination.