Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS), also known as patches, are dosage forms designed to deliver a therapeutically effective amount of drug across a patients skin. In order to deliver therapeutic agents through the human skin for systemic effects, the comprehensive morphological, biophysical and physicochemical properties of the skin are to be considered. Transdermal delivery provides a leading edge over injectables and oral routes by increasing patient compliance and avoiding first pass metabolism respectively. Transdermal delivery not only provides controlled, constant administration of the drug, but also allows continuous input of drugs with short biological half-lives and eliminates pulsed entry into systemic circulation, which often causes undesirable side effects. The TDDS review articles provide valuable information regarding the transdermal drug delivery systems and its evaluation process details as a ready reference for the research scientist who is involved in TDDS. With the advancement in technology Pharma industries have trendified all its resources. Earlier we use convectional dosage form but now we use novel drug delivery system. One of greatest innovation of novel drug delivery is transdermal patch. The advantage of transdermal drug delivery system is that it is painless technique of administration of drugs.

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COVID-19 is currently regarded as a lethal disease. COVID-19 has exaggerated over 2.5 million citizen’s universal, consequential into more than 170,000 confirmed cases deaths Very recently a novel corona virus, SARS-CoV-2, was identified because of causal cause of an outbreak of viral pneumonia centered around Wuhan, Hubei, China in Dec 2019, now called as COVID-19. The corona disease infection 2019 (Covid-19) (2019-nCoV) pandemic is an international public health emergency with major social and economic disruptions and devastating health consequences. COVID-19 is also known as a pandemic. COVID-19 has infected over 2.5 million people around the world, resulting in over 170,000 deaths. The rapid development of vaccines is imperative. Corona viruses are a group of related RNA viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds. It triggers breathing zones that can vary from moderate to fatal in humans and birds more than a few issues to ordinary frosty (so as to can also be affected via different pathogens, mostly rhinoviruses) are mild, while more deadly strains be able to reason SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 in humans. Thousands of illnesses and deaths have occurred as a result of the disease. In fact, none exact cure remains available for the disorder yet this demands that even the condition should not expand. Notable Isolation of sick people, adequate ventilation, hand washing, and the utilization of PPE Kit are also preventive measures. As a result, this paper covers all aspects of COVID-19, including epidemiology, transmission, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

The main purpose of this research work was to design and process optimization of oral floating drug delivery system of Clarithromycin floating tablets by using the hydrophilic polymer Hydroxylpropyl methyl cellulose and gas generating agent sodium bicarbonate and citric acid. A 32 randomized full factorial design was used to study. In this design 2 factors were evaluated, each at 3 levels and experimental trials were performed at all 9 possible combinations. The independent and dependent variables are selected for optimization study. The radio-labelled floating tablets were prepared by adding barium sulphate in the optimized formulations for in- vivo radiographic study. The Results of multiple regression analysis indicated that both factors X1 and X2 significantly affected on the dependent parameters. The formulation was optimized on the basis of floating ability and in-vitro drug release. It should be concluded that as the time increases, the swelling index was increased, because weight gain by tablet was increased proportionally with rate of hydration. In-vivo radiographic studies of the optimized formulations were performed using New Zeal Albino rabbits by X-ray imaging technique. The in-vivo X-ray imaging and radiographic studies clearly indicated that the prepared optimized floating tablets were retained in the rabbit stomach over a prolonged period of time and had good in-vivo performance. Radiological evidences suggest that the formulated floating tablets of antibiotics were well floated more than 6 h in rabbit stomach.

The main purpose of this research was to design and process optimization of oral floating drug delivery system of amoxicillin trihydrate floating tablet by using the hydrophilic polymer hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and gas generating agent sodium bicarbonate and citric acid. Amoxicillin trihydrate is a broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic. Amoxicillin trihydrate is used as antibacterial.It is also used for the treatment of infections of the ear, nose, and throat, the genitourinary tract, the skin and skin structure, and the lower respiratory tract. A 3 2 randomized full factorial design was constructed to study. In this design 2 factors were evaluated, each at 3 levels and experimental trials were performed at all 9 possible combinations. The amount of citric acid (X 1 ) and HPMC K100 M (X 2 )were selected as independent variables. The dependent variables chosen were percentage drug release at 8hours (Q 8 ), percentage drug release at 12 hours (Q 12 ), and Floating lag time (FLT). The results of factorial design indicated that high level HPMC K 100M and citric acid favors preparation of floating tablet. The Result of multiple regression analysis indicated that both factors X 1 and X 2 significantly affect on the dependent parameters. The granules were prepared by wet granulation method and evaluated for their granules properties. Granules were compressed into tablets by using 10 station Rotary Tablet compression Machine (Karnavati Mini press I) using 13 mm punch and evaluated with different parameters like diameter, thickness, average weight, hardness, friability, in-vitro buoyancy study, swelling characteristics and stability study. According to stability study it was found that there was no significant change in dissolution profile of optimized formulation. In-vivo radiographic study