An updated review on transdermal drug delivery systems

Abstract

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS), also known as patches, are dosage forms designed to deliver a therapeutically effective amount of drug across a patients skin. In order to deliver therapeutic agents through the human skin for systemic effects, the comprehensive morphological, biophysical and physicochemical properties of the skin are to be considered. Transdermal delivery provides a leading edge over injectables and oral routes by increasing patient compliance and avoiding first pass metabolism respectively. Transdermal delivery not only provides controlled, constant administration of the drug, but also allows continuous input of drugs with short biological half-lives and eliminates pulsed entry into systemic circulation, which often causes undesirable side effects. The TDDS review articles provide valuable information regarding the transdermal drug delivery systems and its evaluation process details as a ready reference for the research scientist who is involved in TDDS. With the advancement in technology Pharma industries have trendified all its resources. Earlier we use convectional dosage form but now we use novel drug delivery system. One of greatest innovation of novel drug delivery is transdermal patch. The advantage of transdermal drug delivery system is that it is painless technique of administration of drugs.

Preparation and Evaluation of Simvastatin Transdermal Film

“…The weighed films were kept in a petri dish consisting of 50 ml of phosphate buffer of pH 7.4and the weight was noted down for every 10 min interval [19]. The degree of swelling was found out using the below equation, S% = X t − X o × 100 Xo Xt X -weight of film at time t 0-weight of film at time zero S%-percentage swelling…”

Synthesis and characterization of poly(methacrylic acid)-based molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles for controlled release of trinitroglycerin

“…Owing to this short half‐life, the bioavailability of TNG is less than 1% in the human body's metabolism system . To overcome this shortcoming during TNG performance in the liver, a transdermal route as a drug delivery system (DDS) is an alternative suitable solution to prevent decreasing nitrate concentration as well as its bioavailability in blood . Therefore, by using this technique, a long‐term treatment of angina is achieved compared with other types of administration routs for TNG such as sublingual and infusion .…”

“…[2,3] To overcome this shortcoming during TNG performance in the liver, a transdermal route as a drug delivery system (DDS) is an alternative suitable solution to prevent decreasing nitrate concentration as well as its bioavailability in blood. [4,5] Therefore, by using this technique, a long-term treatment of angina is achieved compared with other types of administration routs for TNG such as sublingual and infusion. [6] On the other hand, some other advantages of TNG transdermal administration are listed later to select preferably this method with respect to oral TNG use: avoidance of the first pass effect, [7] prevention of gastrointestinal tract problems, [8] capacity for multi-day therapy with single application, and fast termination of administration by simple removal.…”

Polymer Nanocomposites

“…The application of nanotechnology enables earlier diagnosis and better treatment of some diseases. The principal application of this technology involves controlled drug release and restoration or regeneration of tissues (epithelial, bone and dental tissues) [19][20][21][22].…”