Chronic periodontitis is defined as the inflammation of the gingiva extending into the adjacent attachment apparatus. The disease is characterized by loss of clinical attachment due to destruction of the periodontal ligament and loss of the adjacent supporting bone 1. Recent studies have shown that chronic periodontitis pose a risk factor for various systemic diseases like cardio-vascular, respiratory, diabetes, obesity, adverse pregnancy outcomes and so on. Metabolic syndrome refers to the cooccurrence of certain disorders that increase the risk of ABSTRACT Background: The aim of this case-control study was to investigate the periodontal status of patients with metabolic syndrome compared to general healthy individuals and to determine whether the periodontal status was consistent with the values of the metabolic components. Methods: A total of ninety patients were examined in this study. Group one consisted of forty five patients who were confirmed to have metabolic syndrome and group two consisted of forty five age and sex matched healthy controls. Plaque index, Gingival Bleeding Index (Ainamo & Bay), Probing Pocket Depth (PPD), Clinical Attachment Level (CEJ), total number of missing teeth and the reasons for extraction were also noted. Medical examination and blood investigations included measurement of height, weight, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, Body-Mass Index (BMI), serum lipid profile, fasting blood glucose and blood pressure. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to NCEP ATP III definition. The results obtained were analyzed statistically using SYSTAT html output. Results: The results of the present study showed that the periodontal condition of group one patients were poor compared to group two patients. The periodontal conditioned worsened with an increase in the metabolic components. Conclusion: Based on the results of our study, it can be concluded that that periodontitis and metabolic syndrome were confounding the systemic effects of each other. Dentists should counsel their patients regarding the health hazards of metabolic syndrome and periodontitis and motivate them to maintain good oral hygiene and follow healthy lifestyle .

A BSTRACT Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate candidal parameters in the oral cavity of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Materials and Methods: The samples included in the study were divided into two groups: group A, comprises 50 patients with type 2 DM, and group B, comprises 30 subjects who were nondiabetic. A nonrandom consecutive sampling technique was used to enroll the subjects for the study. The χ2 test was used to examine the characteristics of the samples. Results: The results found that there is a significant difference in saliva and swab for Candida growth between patients with type 2 DM and normal healthy individuals. Swab had shown slightly more Candida growth than saliva in group A (type 2 DM). No significant variation in Candida growth was found. Candida krusei was seen in normal healthy individuals alone. In antifungal susceptibility pattern to various antifungal agents, Candida tropicalis has shown a significant result for various antifungal agents whereas Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis did not show any significant result for various antifungal agents used in group A (patients with type 2 DM). Conclusion: Diabetic individuals who are prone to a hyperglycemic state favors the growth and establishment of Candida species. Although a smaller percentage of multidrug-resistant Candida species has been observed in the saliva of patients with type 2 DM.

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A BSTRACT The perio-endo lesions confront the clinician as far as diagnosis and prognosis of the affected teeth is concerned. Hemisection is the treatment choice for perio-endo lesions to preserve the remaining part of the molar having sound periodontium. It is a resection of periodontally involved root along with the associated crown portion. Prognosis and treatment of perio-endo lesions depend on the severity of bone loss, root trunk length, degree of root separation, curvature of root, ability to eradicate the osseous defect, and restorative and oral hygiene procedures. In this case report, root canal treatment and hemisection were successfully performed to treat advanced perio-endo lesions. By this way, natural tooth and surrounding structures were preserved and thereby cost was lesser than the other treatment alternatives.

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