Metrodorea stipularis stem extracts were studied in the search for possible antichagastic, antimalarial, and antitumoral compounds using cruzain from Trypanosoma cruzi, Plasmodium falciparum, and cathepsins B and L, as molecular targets, respectively. Dihydrochalcones 1, 2, 3, and 4 showed significant inhibitory activity against all the targets. Compounds 1-4 displayed IC50 values ranging from 7.7 to 21.6 μM against cruzain; dihydrochalcones 2 and 4 inhibited the growth of three different strains of P. falciparum in low micromolar concentrations; and against cathepsins B and L these compounds presented good inhibitory activity with IC50 values ranging from 1.0 to 14.9 μM. The dihydrochalcones showed good selectivity in their inhibitory activities against the cysteine proteases.
Byrsonima coccolobifolia leaf and stem extracts were studied in the search for possible leishmanicidal compounds using arginase (ARG) from Leishmania amazonensis as a molecular target. Flavonoids 1b, 1e-1g, 2a, 2b, and 2d-2f showed significant inhibitory activity, with IC50 values ranging from 0.9 to 4.8 μM. The kinetics of the most active compounds were determined. Flavonoids 1e, 1f, 2a, 2b, and 2e were characterized as noncompetitive inhibitors of ARG with dissociation constants (Ki) ranging from 0.24 to 3.8 μM, demonstrating strong affinity. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed some similarities in the structural features of flavonoids related to ARG activity.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY OF THE Miconia ferruginata. Phytochemical investigation of the leaf extracts from Miconia ferruginata (Melastomataceae) led to the isolation and characterization of the flavonoids 5,6,7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxy-8-methylflavone and 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-6,8-dimetilflavone, triterpenes ursolic acid and oleanolic acid, in addition to the steroids β-sitosterol and stigmasterol. The structures of these compounds were proposed by spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data. This paper also describes the insecticidal effects of leaf extracts from M. ferruginata to one of the main pests of maize, the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). The ingestion bioassays, the leaf extracts showed an elongation of the larval stage of 16.56 days as compared to the control.Keywords: phytochemical studies; flavonoids; insecticidal activity; Spodoptera frugiperda. INTRODUÇÃOA família Melastomataceae, pertencente à ordem Myrtales, é formada por aproximadamente 170 gêneros que incluem cerca de 4500 espécies.1 Na América tropical, esta família está representada por aproximadamente 3000 espécies, distribuídas em 100 gêneros, sendo Miconia o maior gênero da família, com cerca de 1000 espécies que ocorrem desde o sul do México até norte de Argentina e Uruguai. 17A cultura do milho é de suma importância para a economia do Brasil, sendo este o terceiro maior produtor mundial. O uso indiscriminado de inseticidas sintéticos convencionais no controle de pragas do milho causa a contaminação dos recursos hídricos, alimentos, reduzem o número de inimigos naturais e muitas vezes causam resistência dessas pragas a tais inseticidas. O uso de extratos vegetais e óleos essenciais isolados de plantas é uma estratégica alternativa ao uso de inseticidas sintéticos convencionais. Dentre os insetos pragas mais comuns nos cultivos de milho há a lagarta-do-cartucho do milho, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), podendo causar uma redução de até 34% na produção de grãos, dependendo do estágio de desenvolvimento da cultura no momento em que ocorre o ataque. 18 No milho, a lagarta é usualmente controlada com piretróides e organofosforados. 19Dessa forma, técnicas alternativas de controle vêm sendo investigadas, incluindo-se dentre elas, os inseticidas de origem vegetal. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo fitoquímico de extratos de folhas de M. ferruginata e a ação biológica destes extratos sobre a lagarta-do-cartucho do milho, S. frugiperda. PARTE EXPERIMENTAL Procedimentos experimentais gerais Os espectros de RMN1 H e 13 C (uni e bidimensionais) foram obtidos em espectrômetro Bruker DRX 400 MHz, utilizando-se CDCl 3 , acetona-d6 ou CD 3 OD como solventes e TMS como padrão interno.Para identificação dos esteroides foi utilizado cromatógrafo com fase gasosa acoplado ao espectrômetro de massas, marca Shimadzu, modelo QP-5000, com coluna capilar AT-5 MS (30 m x 0,25 mm), utilizando as seguintes condições: temperatura do injetor: 250 °C, gás de arraste: He, ...
This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of isolated compounds and semisynthetic derivatives from Miconia ferruginata (Melastomataceae) against five microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6623), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 15442), and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231). The isomeric mixture of ursolic and oleanolic acids was active against S. aureus (MIC = 250 μg mL-1) and against E. coli, B. subtilis, and P. aeruginosa (MIC = 500 μg mL-1). The flavone 5,6,7-trihydroxy-4’-methoxyflavone and the methyl esters, semisynthetic derivatives of a mixture of ursolic and oleanolic acids, showed no activity against the tested microorganisms. These results suggest that the carboxyl group present in the triterpenes may contribute to antimicrobial activity.
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