Como resultado del fracaso de las reformas socioeconómicas de orientación al mercado, en la década de los noventa tendieron a ponerse en reconsideración política las problemáticas vinculadas con la pobreza. Simultáneamente, se inauguraron y/o recrearon instituciones estatales encargadas de albergar estas nuevas políticas sociales y, a la vez, para coordinar la dispersa provisión pública dirigida a esos estratos socioeconómicos, los llamados Ministerios de Desarrollo Social. En este artículo se indaga el tipo de inserción institucional de estos ministerios, los mecanismos con que los mismos se relacionan con otros actores estatales y la orientación política de su accionar. Algunos de los hallazgos apuntan por un lado a que estas nuevas instituciones han consolidado el tratamiento sectorial de la protección social pero al mismo tiempo se les han exigido una serie de tareas asociadas a la coordinación del conjunto del área social, para las que las actuales estructuras aún no parecen estar suficientemente preparadas.
At the beginning of the 21st century, Latin America inaugurated a stage of economic recovery accompanied by an important political change, related to which leftwing forces assumed the governments in a group of countries. During this period, the countries of the Southern Cone (Brazil, Argentina, Chile and Uruguay) recorded significant improvements in welfare that are explained not only by the economic growth, but also by the distributive struggle was processed in democratic systems. The academic explanations assumed that, in the phase of regional economic slowdown, moderate adjustments would be produced essentially by the democratic dynamic itself. The objective of this article is to show the advances and innovations in social protection in the Southern Cone in the last fifteen years. Simultaneously as a complementary objective, it is intended to test explanations for a conjuncture scenario, on the reformulations that are being processed in terms of protection tending to limit and cut public benefits.
Este estudio analiza los factores que explican la asociatividad entre los profesionales de la comunicación chilenos, así como niveles de satisfacción con el Colegio de Periodistas. Los resultados muestran bajos niveles de satisfacción con el actuar de la entidad, y muestran que la edad, la orientación política, el nivel jerárquico, la experiencia profesional y el factor geopolítico, son aspectos fundamentales que tienen efectos significativos en la colegiatura.
In this article are analyzed the participation spaces created by the Ministry of Social Development (mides) of Uruguay between 2005 and 2013, considered management instruments, studying to what measure their function facilitates the meeting of political objectives and looking to determine if they are mechanisms of democratic innovation that introduce new manners of social control. The spaces are analyzed from their positioning in the cube of democracy (Fung, 2006). The results warned of shortcomings in the designs of the spaces, of available resources (human, material, and authoritative), and of criteria to convene, which doubts the transforming potential of the participation spaces.
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