Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) are disproportionately affected by HIV, with much higher incidence and prevalence rates than in the general population in different countries. There are several barriers to testing among MSM and TGW, such as low risk perception, anticipation of HIV-related stigma, discrimination of sexual orientation, in addition to difficulties related to care and access to health services. Therefore, analyzing the available evidence of the effectiveness of strategies for scaling up HIV testing among key populations is essential to point out potential knowledge gaps which may need to be addressed and develop public health policies to promote testing and early diagnosis of HIV infection. Methods An integrative review was carried out to evaluate strategies for scaling up HIV testing in these populations. Search strategy was performed on eight electronic databases, without language restriction. We included clinical trials, quasi-experimental studies, and non-randomized studies. Study selection and data extraction were both performed independently by pairs and disagreements were solved by a third revisor. The screening of the studies was carried out through the selection of titles/abstracts and the reading of the full texts of the pre-selected studies based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Data extraction was performed using a structured form. Results Thirty-seven publications referring to 35 studies were included, mostly being carried out in the United States of America and Australia. No studies were found evaluating disaggregated data on TGW. The studies were grouped into four types of intervention strategies: self-test distribution system (n = 10), organization of health services (n = 9), peer education (n = 6), and social marketing campaign (n = 10). Strategies that focused on the first three groups, combined or not, were more effective in increasing HIV testing among MSM. Conclusions Considering the diversity of interventions and the methodological heterogeneity of the included studies, strategies especially involving self-test distribution systems, associated with new information and communication technologies, should be evaluated in different communities and social contexts. Research evaluating specific studies on TGW population is still needed.

Objetivo: Avaliar perfil e tendência temporal da taxa de mortalidade infantil (TMI) por malformação congênita (MC) em residentes da macrorregião de saúde oeste de Minas Gerais (MG). Métodos: Estudo de série temporal de 1996-2017, com informações de mortalidade e nascidos vivos de MG e macrorregião. Usaram-se dados secundários do Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade e Sistema de Informação de Nascidos Vivos. Realizou-se estatística descritiva para caracterizar perfil dos óbitos, testes estatísticos para comparar proporções e variações percentuais para analisar tendência. Resultados: Comparando-se a macrorregião com MG, observou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa nas características infantis cor da pele e idade neonatal precoce e nos fatores maternos baixa escolaridade e idade 30-39 anos. A TMI declinou em praticamente todo o período, porém a macrorregião apresentou mortalidade por MC superior a MG em 60% do período. Houve aumento dos óbitos por MC dos sistemas respiratório (2000-2005; 2012-2017); urinário (1996-1998; 2005-2010; 2015-2017); circulatório (1998-2000; 2005-2007); osteomuscular (1996-2017) e decrescente para nervoso (1996-2017). Conclusão: A mortalidade por MC é maior no período neonatal precoce e a macrorregião apresentou perfil da mortalidade por MC diferente de MG. Entender esse perfil ajuda no planejamento de ações em saúde atentando para prevenção, diagnóstico e construção de rede assistencial.

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