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We investigated the effect of electrostatic discharge on n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors using the thermoreflectance microscopy. The gate terminals of the transistors were submitted to electrostatic pulses on a zap system that respects the human body model. The pulse intensity varied from 40to140V in a cumulative sequence. Electrical characterization showed that the transistor threshold voltage was no longer positive for pulses of 110V and higher. No significant changes in the thermoreflectance maps were observed in these cases. For pulses of 140V a large leakage current appeared, and the thermoreflectance maps revealed strong peaks (localized spot) associated with the induced damage.

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The exponential growth of the electronic market, aggravated by the early obsolescence of electronic product, has generated an environmental problem of resource depletion and accumulation of electronic waste (e-waste). When improperly discarded, the e-waste presents risks for health and environment. From this perspective, manufacturers, distributors, retailers and even consumers need to be more responsible about what they are producing, selling or consuming, in order to reduce waste and minimize the environmental impact of product life cycle. In this direction, the Center for Information Technology Renato Archer (CTI), a research unit of the Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation creates and coordinates, since 2008, the Ambientronic Program to support the Brazilian electronic industry to adapt to environmental requirements. In 2010, Brazil established the National Policy on Solid Waste (PNRS) [1], which establishes actions for the integrated management and the environmentally sound management of solid waste, including e-waste. The aim of this paper is to discuss how the Ambientronic Program has been working to develop technical solutions to ewaste reverse logistics system, in the first part the paper presents a project involved with funding system cost and in the second part a project whose goals was develop requirements for e-waste recyclers certification.

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