Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar alterações fisiológicas e isoenzimáticas em sementes de genótipos de soja, em diferentes condições de armazenamento. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições, em arranjo fatorial com seis cultivares de soja (TMG 1176, TMG 1179 e GB 874) e cinco periodos de armazenamento (0, 2, 4, 6 e 8 meses), em dois ambientes de armazenamento (câmara fria e seca, a 10ºC e 50% de umidade relativa; e armazém convencional, em condições não controladas). A qualidade fisiológica foi avaliada por meio de testes de germinação, de envelhecimento acelerado e de frio. As expressões isoenzimáticas determinadas foram as de malato desidrogenase (MDH), álcool desidrogenase (ADH), esterase (EST), isocitrato liase (ICL), superóxido dismutase (SOD) e peroxidase (PO). Sementes de soja armazenadas em câmara fria e seca conservaram sua qualidade fisiológica. Após seis meses de armazenamento, em condições não controladas, a qualidade das sementes e as atividades isoenzimáticas de MDH, ADH, EST, ICL, SOD e PO diminuíram. No armazenamento em câmara fria e seca, não ocorreu alteração nas sementes. Os genótipos de soja apresentam diferentes níveis de tolerância ao armazenamento e expressões isoenzimáticas.Termos para indexação: Glycine max, câmara fria, enzimas, potencial de armazenamento. Isozyme alterations in soybean cultivar seeds at different storage conditionsAbstract -The objective of this work was to determine the physiological and isozyme alterations in seeds of soybean genotypes, under different storage conditions. A completely randomized experimental design was used with four replicates, in a factorial arrangement with six soybean cultivars (TMG 1176, TMG 1179, TMG 132, TMG 133, TMG 115, and GB 874) and five storage times (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 months), in two storage environments (a cold and dry chamber, at 10ºC and 50% relative humidity; and a conventional warehouse, under uncontrolled conditions). Physiological quality was evaluated by the germination, accelerated aging, and cold tests. Isozyme expressions of malate dehydrogenase (MDH), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), esterase (EST), isocitrate lyase (ICL), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (PO) were determined. Soybean seeds stored in cold and dry chambers maintained their physiological quality. After six months storage under uncontrolled conditions, seed quality and isozyme expressions of MDH, ADH, EST, ICL, SOD, and PO lowered. There was no alteration on seed stored in cold and dry chambers. Soybean genotypes show different tolerance levels to storage and isozyme expression.Index terms: Glycine max, cold chamber, enzymes, storability. IntroduçãoPara a obtenção de produtividade satisfatória da soja, é necessária a utilização de sementes com elevada qualidade, entre outros fatores. Scheeren et al. (2010) verificaram que a produtividade resultante de lotes de sementes com alto vigor, pode ser 9% superior à de sementes com baixo vigor.No período pós-colheita, as sementes necessitam de armaz...

Fungi are considered as the most important among pathogens due to the higher number of species and to the damage caused both in yield and in seed quality. Thus, aimed to verify the effect of fungicide and insecticide treatment on sanitary quality and physiological performance of soybean seeds before and after storage. Seeds from cultivars NS 7494, NS 8693 and NS 7338 IPRO were used, which were analyzed separately by a completely randomized design in a 3 x 6 factorial design, being three chemical treatment applications: 1) treated and evaluated; 2) treated, stored and evaluated; 3) stored, treated and evaluated; and six mixtures of fungicides and insecticides: (Imidacloprido + Tiocarbe) + (Carbendazim + Tiram), (Imidacloprido + Tiocarbe) + (Metalaxil-M + Fludioxonil), Thiamethoxam + (Carbendazim + Tiram), Thiamethoxam + (Metalaxil-M + Fludioxonil), (Fipronil + Piraclostrobina + Metil-tiofanato) and the control, which was added only water. The healthy test, germination, cold and accelerated aging tests were evaluated. Seed treatment products require at least two months to be effective in controlling Penicillium spp. and Fusarium spp. The mixtures containing Carbendazim + Tiram in its composition are efficient in the control of pathogens regardless of the application time of products.

-Harvesting and drying are essential procedures to obtain high quality seeds as well as for their conservation during storage. The goal of this research was to identify the physiological maturity stage and to verify the effect of drying speeds on the quality of zucchini seeds. A completely randomized design in a 3x2x2 factor scheme was used, involving three fruit maturation stages (49, 56 and 63 days after anthesis -DAA), two drying speeds (slow and quick) and two storage periods (0 and 6 months). Seed quality was evaluated by germination, first count, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, tetrazolium, seedling emergence, emergence speed index and seed health test. Moisture content, thousand seed mass and percentage full seeds were also evaluated. Zucchini seeds reach maximum quality at 49 DAA. Slow or quick drying and storage do not affect the physiological quality of seeds that were harvested at 49 DAA. The delayed harvest of fruits reduces the quality of seeds. Quick drying reduces the incidence of the fungi Alternaria, Cladosporium, Phoma and Fusarium, and increases the occurrence of Aspergillus and Penicillium.Index terms: Cucurbita pepo L., storage, deterioration, seed health test.Maturidade fisiológica e velocidade de secagem na qualidade de sementes de abobrinha (Cucurbita pepo L.)RESUMO -A colheita e secagem são procedimentos essenciais para obtenção de sementes de elevada qualidade, bem como, para sua conservação durante o armazenamento. O objetivo nesta pesquisa foi identificar o estádio de maturidade fisiológica e verificar o efeito de velocidades de secagem sobre a qualidade de sementes de abobrinha. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3x2x2, envolvendo três estádios de maturação de frutos (49, 56 e 63 dias após a antese -DAA), duas velocidades de secagem (lenta e rápida) e dois períodos de armazenamento (0 e 6 meses). A qualidade das sementes foi avaliada pelos testes de germinação, primeira contagem, envelhecimento acelerado, condutividade elétrica, tetrazólio, emergência de plântulas, índice de velocidade de emergência e sanidade. Também foi determinado o teor de água, massa de mil sementes e porcentagem de sementes cheias. As sementes de abobrinha atingem máxima qualidade aos 49 DAA. A secagem lenta e rápida e o armazenamento não influenciam a qualidade fisiológica das sementes colhidas aos 49 DAA. O atraso da colheita dos frutos reduz a qualidade das sementes. A secagem rápida reduz a incidência dos fungos Alternaria, Cladosporium, Fusarium e Phoma, e aumenta a ocorrência de Aspergillus e Penicillium.Termos para indexação: Cucurbita pepo L., armazenamento, deterioração, sanidade.1

-The analysis of isoenzyme activity is an important monitoring and characterization tool of the physiological quality of seeds and to understand the deterioration. The purpose of this work was to study the isoenzyme expression allied to the quality of maize hybrid seeds harvested at different moisture levels and subjected to chemical treatment. A completely randomized experimental design was used with four replicates, in a 3x2 factorial arrangement with three moisture levels (45%, 40% and 35%), and two forms of seeds tillage (with and without treatment). Seeds from maize hybrids, semi-hard BM 810 and dented BM 3061, were used. Seeds were manually gathered on ears. Chemical treatment was performed with commercial products Maxin ® + K-obiol ® + Actellic ® . Seed quality was assessed by moisture test, incidence of mechanicals damage, first count of germination, germination, emergence, emergence speed index, mean emergence time, accelerated aging, and electrical conductivity. Isoenzyme expressions were assessed by means of the systems superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), esterase (EST), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), peroxidase (PO) and α-amilase. Isoenzyme expressions are different, depending on moisture levels at harvest, the hybrid maize and seeds quality. Seeds treatment does not interfere in their isoenzymes expression.Index terms: Zea mays, isoenzyme expression, physiological quality.Atividade isoenzimática em sementes de milho híbridos colhidas com diferentes teores de água e tratadas RESUMO -A análise da atividade enzimática é uma importante ferramenta no monitoramento e caracterização da qualidade fisiológica de sementes e no entendimento da deterioração. Objetivou-se com este trabalho estudar a expressão de isoenzimas aliada a qualidade de sementes de milho híbrido colhidas com diferentes teores de água e submetidas ao tratamento químico. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 3x2, sendo três teores de água (45%, 40% e 35%), e duas formas de manejo das sementes (tratadas e não tratadas). Foram utilizadas sementes de milho dos híbridos: BM 810, semiduro e BM 3061, dentado, colhidas manualmente em espigas. O tratamento químico foi realizado com os produtos comerciais Maxin ® + K-obiol ® + Actellic ® . A qualidade das sementes foi avaliada pelos testes de umidade, incidência de danos mecânicos, primeira contagem de germinação, germinação, emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência, tempo médio de emergência, envelhecimento acelerado e condutividade elétrica. As expressões isoenzimáticas foram avaliadas por meio dos sistemas superóxido dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), esterase (EST), álcool desidrogenase (ADH), malato desidrogenase (MDH), peroxidase (PO) e α-amilase. A expressão de isoenzimas é divergente dependendo do teor de água na colheita, do híbrido e da qualidade das sementes. O tratamento de sementes não interfere na expressão das isoenzimas.Termos para indexação: Zea mays, expressão isoenzimática...

Maintaining the health of coffee seeds is especially important during storage, as soil fungi and storage fungi can considerably reduce seed quality. Thus, chemical treatments for protection of seeds in storage becomes important in agricultural production. It is necessary to evaluate the effects of these treatments on seedling development and the protection they provide against storage fungi, aiming at seed longevity and preventing rapid deterioration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chemical treatment on the physiological and sanitary quality of stored coffee seeds. Seeds of five Coffea arabica cultivars were pre-dried, treated with Vitavax®-Thiram, and placed in cold storage at 10 °C for nine months. Seed physiological quality was evaluated every three months by the germination test and by determination of root emergence percentage, seedlings with expanded cotyledonary leaves, and seedling dry matter. Seed health quality was assessed by the health test. The chemical treatment with Vitavax-Thiram does not affect the physiological quality of stored Coffea arabica seeds. Seed treatment before storage is effective in reducing the inoculum potential of Fusarium spp. and Phoma spp. in coffee seeds.