In this paper, the use of MEMS accelerometers for measuring mechanical vibrations is presented. Also a wide review of the literature is performed by presenting the uses of the MEMS accelerometers in a great number of applications. These sensors are known for their low prices, low power consumption and low sizes, which enhance their use in applications such as energy harvesters, monitoring processes and for educational purposes. In order to propose these sensors for measuring vibrations, a complete evaluation of the MEMS accelerometers was performed by measuring amplitudes and frequencies of oscillations and comparing their dynamic characteristics with other accelerometers with higher precision. Moreover, two experiments were conducted: In the first one, the measurements of the amplitude given by a MEMS and a standard accelerometer while being excited with sinusoidal waves with different frequencies using a vibration exciter were taken and compared. For the second experiment, three MEMS sensors and a piezoelectric accelerometer were used to measure the accelerations of a 3-DOF shear-building excited by an unbalanced DC motor. The signals obtained were compared in the time and frequency domains; for the last case, the wavelet transform, the wavelet coherence and the power spectrum density were used.

Recebido em 25 de julho de 2015. Aceito em 30 de setembro de 2015 In this paper, we use the Arduino platform together with sensors as accelerometer, gyroscope and ultrasound, to measure vibrations in mechanical systems. The main objective is to assemble a signals acquisition system easy to handle, of low cost and good accuracy for teaching purposes. It is also used the Python language and its numerical libraries for signal processing. This paper proposes the study of vibrations of a beam, which is measured by position, velocity and acceleration. An experimental setup was implemented. The results obtained are compared with analytical models and computer simulations using finite elements. The results are in agreement with the literature. Keywords: mechanical vibrations, Arduino, sensors.Neste estudo, utiliza-se a plataforma Arduino em conjunto com sensores, como acelerômetro, giroscópio e ultrassom, para medição de vibrações em sistemas mecânicos. O principal objetivo deste trabalhoé a montagem de um sistema para aquisição de sinais de fácil manuseio, baixo custo e boa precisão para fins didáticos. Utiliza-se também a linguagem Python e suas bibliotecas numéricas para processamento dos sinais. Neste trabalho propõem-se o estudo de vibrações em uma viga, em que se mede a sua posição, velocidade e aceleração. Uma montagem experimental foi implementada. Os resultados obtidos são comparados com modelos analíticos e de simulação computacional através de elementos finitos. Os resultados estão em concordância com a literatura. Palavras-chave: vibrações mecanicas, Arduino, sensores.

This paper is aimed at undergraduate students of physics, engineering and mathematics, where a methodology for mechanical vibration analysis of a multi degree of freedom (DOF) excited by an harmonic force in the time and frequency domain is presented. The Arduino microcontroller is used as an acquisition system and low-cost MEMS accelerometers for the instrumentation of the system. System of multi DOF are studied in a great number of problems in mechanical sciences, however its experimental study is not always present in the courses due to the high costs and complexity. These problems are overpassed with the study proposed in this work. Besides, the application presented has an interface with several disciplines in undergraduation and graduation level. The method proposed can be easy implemented and the results obtained had good precision and are in agreement with the literature.

In many applications in engineering, a mechanical system operates in the nonstationary regime, either partially of fully, creating the possibility to generate nonlinearities in them. Great efforts have been made to better understand and characterize these phenomena. One of several methods that are being used for the processing of signals of a nonstationary nature, as well as for the characterization of nonlinearities in mechanical systems, is the wavelet transform. A particular phenomenon that is seen in systems operating in the nonstationary regime is the Sommerfeld effect, which occurs due to the nonlinear interaction between a nonideal energy source and a mechanical system. This phenomenon can lead to high amplitudes of vibration for the system that in turn can cause damage in it. Therefore, this work presents an application of the continuous wavelet transform and the wavelet packet transform for the characterization of the Sommerfeld effect in mechanical systems where only the time response is at hand. Experimental procedures were performed where a nonideal energy source (an unbalanced DC motor) was used to excite (a) a portal frame and (b) a three-story shear-building. The results showed the effectiveness and the potential of the methods proposed.

This paper presents a methodology for the measurement of strain by means of strain-gauges, where the data acquisition is done by using an Arduino Uno board, due to the low-cost and the easy manipulation of this microcontrollers. The measured signal conditioning is performed by means of a Wheatstone Bridge and then discretized by an Analog-Digital Converter (ADC) external to the Arduino. For the validation of the proposed measurement system, experiments are performed on a cantilever beam and on a cantilever-supported shaft, where the experimental results are compared with those obtained analytically and by simulation using the finite element method. The results obtained are in agreement with the literature and demonstrate that the proposed system has satisfactory accuracy.