Burkholderia (B.) mallei is the causative agent of glanders in Equidae. This study describes the first record of the Turkey 10 strain of B. mallei in glanderous horses in Northeastern of Brazil. This description should contribute to the future actions of diagnosis, control, and eradication of this disease in Brazil. Keywords Sequencing. Diagnosis. Glanders. Brazil Glanders is a zoonotic disease caused by Burkholderia (B.) mallei with compulsory notification to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). While glanders was eradicated in Europe and North America during the first half of the last century by restrictive measures to sacrifice infected animals, in Asia, the Middle East, and South America, the disease is still endemic. In recent years, outbreaks of the disease have been reported and continue to grow numbers of countries, including Brazil, Pakistan, Iran, the United Arab Emirates, Lebanon, and India [13]. In Brazil, glanders was described in 1811 by Pimentel [15], and in 1960, the disease was officially considered eradicated. In 2000, Mota et al. registered the emergence of new cases of glanders in the states of Pernambuco and Alagoas. Nowadays, the disease is registered

Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella spp. with diagnosis based on use of serological techniques. The present study aimed to develop and standardize a western blotting (WB) test for detection of antibodies against B. abortus. Samples from two groups of cattle were analyzed: group I: 60 serum samples from true positive and true negative vaccinated animals (30 positive samples from infected animals according to rose bengal test (RBT), 2-mercaptoethanol, serum agglutination test (SAT) and complement fixation test (CFT) and 30 RBT negatives samples); group II: 383 field samples (90 positive and 293 CFT negative sera). The most reactive band in the western blotting, which properly identified and separated infected from non - infected had a molecular weight of ≤ 20kDa. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the WB compared to RBT was 93%, 99%, 98%, respectively and k= 0.938. When compared to CFT, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the WB was 97%, 98% and 97%, respectively and k= 0.929. The WB developed and standardized in the present study is a serological test with potential use as a confirmatory test for the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis.

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Glanders is an infectious and often lethal zoonotic disease of equines caused by the bacterium, Burkholderia mallei. This condition is characterized by respiratory, lymphatic, and cutaneous lesions. In this study, we monitored the development of clinical symptoms in animals naturally infected with B. mallei across different equine breeds and also isolated and characterized the disease-causing bacteria. We studied two official glanders outbreaks in the state of Alagoas, Brazil. During the outbreaks, we performed clinical and immunological follow-up of the animals, as well as euthanasia and anatomopathological examination. We also collected diagnostic materials for isolative, phenotypic, molecular, and biological testing. We did not observe any clinical patterns of glanders among animals infected with the same strain of B. mallei. Based on our results, we suggest that early diagnosis of infection should be made through highly sensitive and specific immunoassays. In asymptomatic but positive test cases, we confirmed the importance of conducting pathological, microbiological, and molecular examinations.

Infestations by ectoparasites are one of the greatest problems in the veterinary practice, due to a large drop in performance in cattle herds and other farm animals, generating great economical losses; for pets, besides the low quality of life and disruption of homeostasis, ectoparasites represent a risk for transmission of zoonotic diseases. The formamidines emerge as a very large group of ectoparasiticides, which its main representative, amitraz, is the only one approved for animal use. Amitraz is indicated for animal use against mites, lice, and ticks for cattle, swine, and sheep. For dogs, it is used against ticks and mites. However, due to a lack of proper orientation and information, reports of accidental intoxications by amitraz, in both animals and humans, are not unusual in the literature. Amitraz intoxication has been reported in dogs, and the clinical signs are evidenced in the nervous, digestive, cardiovascular, and urinary systems and include sedation, bradycardia, bradyarrhythmias, hypotension, bradypnea, transitory hyperglycemia, mydryasis, and hypothermia, cats being more sensitive than dogs regarding these last signs. To detect amitraz and its main metabolites, there are many standardized methodologies. This review describes the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodinamics, indications, toxicological and pathological effects of amitraz, as well as the intoxication treatment and the aspects related to its detection in biological matrices.Keywords: Formamidines; poisoning; dog; pathology. ResumoAs infestações por ectoparasitas representam um dos maiores problemas na rotina da clínica médica veterinária, com impactos relacionados à queda no rendimento de animais de produção, gerando graves perdas econômicas; para os animais de companhia, além da baixa qualidade de vida e do desequilíbrio da homeostase, ectoparasitas representam um risco para a transmissão de zoonoses. As formamidinas surgem como um grupo de ectoparasiticidas cujo representante principal, o amitraz, é o único aprovado para uso animal. O amitraz é indicado para uso animal contra ácaros, piolhos e carrapatos de bovinos, suínos e ovinos. Para cães, preconizase seu uso contra carrapatos e ácaros. Entretanto, devido à ausência de orientação adequada, os casos de intoxicações acidentais por amitraz, tanto em animais como em humanos, são frequentemente relatados. A intoxicação por amitraz tem sido relatada em cães, e os sinais clínicos são evidenciados em sistemas nervoso, digestivo, cardiovascular e urinário e incluem sedação, bradicardia, bradiarritmias, hipotensão, bradpneia, hiperglicemia transitória, midríase e hipotermia, sendo os gatos mais sensíveis do que os cães em relação a estes últimos sinais. Para detectar amitraz e seus principais metabólitos, existem muitas metodologias padronizadas. Esta revisão descreve a farmacocinética, farmacodinâmica, indicações de uso, efeitos toxicológicos e patológicos, além do tratamento da intoxicação e dos aspectos analíticos relacionados à sua detecção em matrizes biológicas.