Dasar pendidikan adalah cita-cita kemanusiaan yang universal sehingga dalam pemecahan masalah-masalah pendidikan yang komplek dibutuhkannya filsafah-filsafah agar solusi pemecahan masalah tersebut dapat dirasakan manfaatnya bagi semua kalangan. Salah satu tokoh yang memiliki filsafah kuat tentang pendidikan adalah Ki Hadjar Dewantara. Beliau adalah seorang bangsawan dari lingkungan Kraton Yogyakarta yang memiliki tingkat kepedulian yang tinggi dengan lingkungan pendidikan. Gagasan filosofis yang disapaikan oleh Ki Hajar Dewantara telah menjadi pondasi bagi pendidikan di Indonesia. Menurut Ki Hadjar Dewantara, hakikat pendidikan adalah usaha memasukkan nilai-nilai budaya ke dalam diri anak, sehingga membentuknya menjadi manusia yang utuh baik jiwa dan rohaninya. Filsafat pendidikan ini dikenal dengan filsafat pendidikan among yang di dalamnya merupakan kemampuan dasar anak dalam mengatasi masalah yang mereka alami dengan memberikan kebebasan berpikir yang luas. Dalam perumusan filsafatnya, Ki Hadjar Dewantara menggunakan kebudayaan asli Indonesia sedangkan nilai-nilai dari Barat diambil secara selektif adaptatif sesuai dengan teori trikon. Beberapa kontribusi yang diberikan Ki Hadjar Dewantara bagi pendidikan Indonesia adalah penerapan trilogi kepemimpinan dalam pendidikan, tri pusat pendidikan dan sistem paguron. Pendidikan merupakan salah satu upaya dalam mengembangkan potensi-potensi manusiawi peserta didik baik potensi fisik maupun potensi cipta, rasa, dan karsanya agar suatu potensi dapat menjadi nyata dan berfungsi bagi kehidupnya.

Filsafat Ilmu is one of the specific Filsafats that has a strategic position in Indonesia's development of the ilmu paradigm. Filsafat's position in the evolving paradigm of knowledge will be examined in this research. Some of the things that were discussed in this study are listed below. In Indonesia, Filsafat Ilmu is a paradigm and a way of life. At addition, Filsafat Ilmu students in Indonesia's kuliah madrasah are encouraged to read and learn about the school's many books of poetry and prose. Filsafat Ilmu is a discipline of the Indonesian Filsafat that is gaining traction. The purpose of this study is to analyze and decipher the aims and progress of Filsafat Ilmu in Indonesia from the perspective of the paradigm of ilmu and the history of its transmission through Indonesian books and scholarly articles. It is used in the study of Filsafat Ilmu to use a method of research known as kualitatif, which involves analyzing the sources or data from books, journals, documents, and textbooks. Interpretation, heuristics, and philosophical reflection are all forms of analytic methods used. Research shows that Filsafat Ilmu is being developed and taught in line with the current paradigm for Filsafat Ilmu. It is this structure that was built to help grow Filsafat Ilmu, starting with the fundamental understanding of Filsafat's fundamentals all the way down to its core tenets. Orientasi Flsafat Ilmu, a discipline derived from the Filsafat that was developed in Indonesia from a variety of literature, still dominates on the orientation of Filsafat barat.

This study aims to explore the concept of the signs conveyed by the Prophet through his words relating to science or science. In addition, it also presents traditions that give a signal for humans to always develop knowledge in carrying out the duties of the caliph on earth. The method used in this study is in the form of pure literature with the techniques used in collecting data based on documentation through written legacy evidence such as writings or manuscripts, archives, books on opinions, theories, concepts and arguments and related laws. with the formulation of the study problem. Based on this study, it is found that the hadith is very important for humans to study and research the universe and its contents and always instructs humans to develop knowledge for the advancement of human civilization. Where long before the discoveries in the field of science and technology were discovered or scientifically proven, the Messenger of Allah had hinted at his people through his words.

The philosophy of science clarify the existence of science to the other science that requires knowledge as a medium of thinking and means of scientific communication. These are language, logic, mathematics, statistics, and other data analysis techniques. Specifications and independency science faced by the increasing number problems that can not be answered by science, therefore, philosophy appears as the answer. Philosophy gives an explanation or an answer onthat problems substantial and radical, while the science continues to develop it self- in its limit , while still radically criticized, process or the interaction basically is a field of philosophy of science. Philosophy of science therefore can be put as an attempt to bridge the gap between the philosophy and science, so that science does not despise the philosophy, and the philosophy does not see science as a superficial understanding of nature . Reality is “what is naturally “ or existence , while the appearance is that “artificially real“. Also how the relationship to both with subject /human. Epistemology is considered synonymous with the theory of knowledge. At the present time theory of knowledge can not be ignored. Epistemology of education science related to know how science education obtaining gain processing, what is the procedure to get the true scientific knowledge. Axiologiy related to what is the advantages of science education, what ethical relationship with science and its application science education in daily life . Key words : the philosophy of science, education, ontology, epistemology, axiology.

Recently, the theory of secularization has been hot and hotly discussed again, this is part of the increasing political influence of mass organizations and religious movements in various places. Like the Christian right in North America, Jewish fundamentalism in Israel, fundamentalism in India and Islamic fundamentalism in many countries, one of which is Europe. This is also related to the increasing willingness of a person to various kinds of spirituality, such as New Age, which is not the same as the old forms of formal religion. All these advances undermine not only the basic assumptions of secularization theory, which shows the declining role of religion in modern times, but also the old formulation of the separation of church and state. These are the times when Nancy Robsenblum’s use of “civic obligations” is increasingly displaced by “demands of faith”.