Along the Mexico/United States border, migrants are at increased risk of HIV. The objective of our study was to investigate the relationship between two process indicators (self-efficacy to prevent HIV and coping with sexual risk) and safe sexual behaviors in migrants. A correlational design was used. Migrants were recruited from two cities on the northern border of Mexico. Transition theory informed the measurement of self-efficacy and coping process indicators. Three generalized linear models were built for each safe sexual behavior outcome: (a) partner communication, (b) use of condoms, and (c) safe sex. Of 311 migrants, indicators of self-efficacy and coping with sexual risk were associated with all three outcome measures of safe sexual behavior (p < .05). Process indicators explained 22.5% to 30.6% of the variance in the data. Therefore, self-efficacy to prevent HIV and coping ability are important correlates of migrant sexual risk behavior.
IntroductionHuman immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases in the border region of Mexico due to the flow of migrants under desperate conditions, encouraging casual and unprotected sex. Since this has become a binational public health problem, it is important to understand the factors that predict these sexual behaviors. The aim of the current study was to investigate the facilitators and inhibitors of transition in the sexual behavior of migrants from two border regions on the Mexico–United States (US) border.MethodsThis was a predictive and cross-sectional study. A sample of 256 migrants in shelters for migrants on the border between Mexico and US were selected through systematic random sampling. Predictor variables investigated for effect on the safe sexual behavior (SSB) of the migrant were reasons for having sex; sexual attitudes; sexual machismo; knowledge about HIV; access to health services; and social discrimination.ResultsThe sample was predominantly male (89.5%), with 46.1% reporting being single. The average age was 33.38 years (SD = 9.73) and the average number of years of education reported was 8.05 (SD = 3.37). A permissive sexual attitude and sexual machismo both correlated with condom use (rs = 0.130, p < 0.01 and rs = −0.174, p < 0.01, respectively). Regression analysis showed that a permissive sexual attitude decreased the practice of safe sex (β = 0.17, t = 4.16, p < 0.001), as did sexual machismo (β = −0.28, t = −4.83, p < 0.001) and HIV knowledge (β = −0.11, t = −2.62, p = 0.006).DiscussionIt was found that access to health services did not influence the SSB of migrants, as suggested by the literature. However, a permissive sexual attitude, sexual machismo, and HIV knowledge were all variables capable of predicting SSB. It is recommended that the study is extended to study migrant populations from other parts of the border, as well undertaking as a qualitative approach to explore new variables.
La migración se encuentra permeada por factores económicos, políticos, sociales yculturales, no obstante, el estado de salud, particularmente el enfocado a la saludsexual y reproductiva, funge un rol vital en el cumplimiento del objetivo migratorio.Este estudio presenta experiencias de personas migrantes haitianas en el acceso aservicios de salud sexual, durante el recorrido de Haití a México. Se realizó un estudiocualitativo con enfoque etnográfico, en el cual se entrevistaron a mujeres y hombreshaitianos, ubicados en Mexicali, Baja California, México. Se realizaron siete entrevistasindividuales y dos grupos focales (29 personas). El desconocimiento y acercamientoa los diversos sistemas de salud de América Latina, los antecedentes socio-culturalessobre la salud y la sexualidad, la condición del estado migratorio y las condicionesy características del viaje, son elementos centrales en las vivencias de la poblaciónmigrante haitiana.
Objetivo: Identificar las percepciones sobre el uso de condón en migrantes haitianos en la frontera noroeste de México. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cualitativo etnográfico, se entrevistaron a 7 migrantes haitianos, la información fue analizada por el programa NVivo, para comprender frecuencua y estructura de los datos; posteriormente se realizo un proceso de categorización, interpretación y teorización del fenómeno de estudio. Resultados: De un total de 281 unidades de análisis, se realizó un proceso de categorización, que permitió estructurar 2 categorías, 6 subcategorías y 12 códigos. Se identifica que el uso del condón en migrantes haitianos, es interpretado como un elemento de protección a la salud sexual, principalmente en la prevención de embarazos no planeados; no obstante, se identifican barreras y consecuencias del uso a nivel personal, cultural y religioso. La a construcción de la idea de usarlo, recae en el tipo de relación y nivel de confianza que se tiene de la pareja sexual por lo que estar casado o vivir en concubinato, exime de la obligación o del compromiso social de usar el condón. Así mismo la idea de protección, refleja débilmente la preocupación sobre la transmisión de las ITS. Conclusiones: El condón se percibe como un elemento de importancia para la prevención de embarazos no planeados y del VIH, no se refiere uso constante del condón, por lo que se recomienda el desarrollo de intervenciones culturalmente adaptadas para el aumento del uso del condón y la prevención del VIH en migrantes haitianos en el contexto de la frontera norte de México. Palabras Claves: Emigrantes e Inmigrantes; Condones; Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual; VIH.
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