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We report on the preparation of fullerene C60 thin films chemically cross-linked with octane-1,8-dithiol, which are capable of binding gold nanoparticles. The formation of a polymer was directly proved by means of laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectra, in which we observed the cleavage of fullerene-dithiol polymer at different bonds. Fourier-transform infrared, Raman and UV-visible spectra of the functionalized films exhibited notorious changes due to the formation of new covalent bonds between C60 molecules and bifunctional thiol. We further demonstrated that the dithiol-functionalized fullerene can be employed as a support for stable and homogeneous deposition of gold nanoparticles. Their average size is about 5 nm according to high-resolution transmission electron microscopy observations, and up to 20 nm, as found from scanning tunneling microscopy images. The proposed binding mechanism is through a strong coordination attachment between Au nanoclusters and sulfur donor atoms of the functionalized fullerene, as supported by density functional theory calculations.