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The generating of rainfall fields with a higher resolution than so far observed and with realistic features is a challenge with multiple applications. In particular it could be useful to quantify the uncertainty introduced by the different sources of error affecting radar measurements, in a controlled simulation framework. This paper proposes a method to generate three-dimensional high-resolution rainfall fields based on downscaling meteorological radar data. The technique performs a scale analysis of the first radar tilt field combining a wavelet model with Fourier analysis. In order to downscale the upper radar elevations and with the aim of preserving the vertical structure, a homotopy of the observed vertical profiles of reflectivity is performed. Preliminary evaluation of the technique shows that it is able to generate realistic extreme values and, at the same time, partially reproduce the structure of small scales. Zusammenfassung

North Africa has a rich tradition of archaeological studies. Its origins and early development are linked to the modern colonization of the region by several European powers, but it has also had a remarkable continuity after decolonization, both in international cooperation missions and in solo work developed by the research institutions of the Maghreb states, most particularly in Tunisia. However, this research has been extremely biased as regards the periods and cultures studied, since, due to easy to imagine political reasons related to the European colonization, the Roman period and the remains of early Christianity constituted a primary aim of the research. For this reason, pre-Roman levels that lie below the vast majority of Roman sites have been hardly explored. Although this state of affairs persisted after decolonization, it has been slowly changing in recent years. The situation is somewhat different with regard to funerary archaeology, as North Africa, especially its eastern portion, is characterized by the existence of a surprising number and diversity of pre-Roman sepulchral monuments (there are tens of thousands of recorded monuments) (Camps 1961). Owing to their high visibility, these monuments constitute the best-known aspect of North Africa’s pre-Roman archaeology. Yet, current knowledge on them is still limited due to the small number of excavations that have been carried out following modern methodology. In addition to the large monumental tombs linked to Numidian monarchies (strongly influenced by Punic and Hellenistic models), we can mention, among others, the following types: rock-cut chamber tombs (known as haouanet); large mounds that hide funerary chambers that are completely invisible from the outside (at times, they are bordered by more or less substantial walls; they are then called bazinas); tower-shaped monuments (called chouchet in Algeria); other structures are essentially similar to European dolmens, and still others consist of generally small built chambers surrounded by circular walls and covered by megalithic slabs; very frequently these are also called ‘dolmens’, although they do not have any side access and they frequently do not seem to be collective graves.

El jaciment protohistòric de Sebes està ocupat de manera continuada des de la segona meitat del segle vii aC fins a principis del segle v aC. S'hi documenten dos hàbitats diferenciats i successius en el temps, així com una necròpolis tumular en ús durant la primera edat del ferro; la cronologia de l'assentament fa que sigui un dels rars exemples on és possible estudiar la transició entre el primer ferro i l'ibèric antic a la vall de l'Ebre. Les estructures d'hàbitat, situades al cim i als vessants d'un turó, han estat fortament alterades per l'erosió, així com per construccions militars relacionades amb la batalla de l'Ebre de 1938. Malgrat això, ha estat possible identificar diverses cases per cada fase d'ocupació. En aquest article ens centrarem en un edifici complex, integrat per quatre àmbits, de la fase de l'ibèric antic. Paraules clau: edat del ferro, ibèric antic, Catalunya, Ebre, hàbitat, arquitectura. The Protohistoric site of Sebes was occupied continuously from the second half of the 7 th century BC to the outset of the 5 th century BC. The site comprises two different and successive settlements, as well as a barrow cemetery from the Early Iron Age. The site is one of the rare examples offering the potential of analysing the transition from the Early Iron Age to the Early Iberian period in the Ebro Valley. The features of the settlement on the top and slopes of a hill are greatly altered by both erosion and military constructions raised in 1938 during the Battle of the Ebro. Despite these drawbacks, it is possible to identify a series of dwellings for each phase of occupation. This paper focuses on one complex residence comprising four rooms from the phase of the Early Iberian.

Courtyard houses are attested at several sites in southern Gaul between the 5th and the 1st centuries BC. They represent a new concept when compared to the traditional protohistoric houses of the region and have often been interpreted in terms of Mediterranean, Greek or Italic influences. Regardless of their origin, exogenous influences or evolution, these houses suggest the emergence of social differentiation and elites in several of the main settlements. This article analyses the significance of the various courtyard house categories in the context of local, indigenous societies, while trying to understand the social implications of this new type of residence. In a wider context, the development of domestic architecture during the Iron Age is analysed alongside the relationships between changing uses of space and social changes.