Aim and objective To test the psychometric properties of the nursing students' version of the 24‐item Caring Behaviours Inventory. Background Caring is at the heart of nursing and should also be a core value in nursing education. Caring can be manifested through measurable behaviours. The Caring Behaviors Inventory is a valid and reliable measure of nurses' caring behaviours in clinical settings. It has already been used among nursing students, but it needs more psychometric testing. Design Cross‐sectional validation study. Method The questionnaire was filled in by 300 undergraduate nursing students at two Italian universities in May 2016. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted using Mplus maximum likelihood with GEOMIN oblique rotation. A multifaceted approach was used to evaluate the model fit. The STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies was followed. Results Four dimensions were identified: “being with,” “doing with competence,” “responding to individual needs” and “providing effective care.” Adequate fit indices and high reliability of the factors were found. Correlations between factors were positive and significant. Conclusion This study makes it possible to use the same tool to compare the caring practices perceived by students, nurses and patients. Further studies with bigger samples could be stratified to investigate the associations between caring levels and student characteristics. The Caring Behaviors Inventory can be used to call attention to caring in nursing education, helping to make this concept less elusive. Relevance to clinical practice The effective self‐assessment of nursing students' caring behaviours offers opportunities for reflection on their caring practice. This could improve the caring level of their behaviours in clinical practice and help them to become caring nurses in the future.

An assay for the microsomal hydroxylation of lauric acid (LA), based on HPLC with flow-through radiochemical detection, has been developed. Conditions were optimized for resolution and quantitation of three microsomal metabolites of LA, one of which has not been reported previously as a metabolite of LA in mammalian microsomal incubations. These products, 12-(omega)-hydroxy-LA, 11-(omega-1)-hydroxy-LA, and a novel metabolite, 10-(omega-2)-hydroxy-LA, were isolated by HPLC and identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. In the presence of NADPH, the formation of all three metabolites was linear with time and microsomal protein concentration. Hydrogen peroxide also supported the microsomal metabolism of LA, although the ratio of metabolites was substantially different than that produced by NADPH-supported microsomes. Several biochemical probes (metyrapone, alpha-naphthoflavone, 2-diethylaminoethyl-2,2-diphenylvalerate hydrochloride, and 10-undecynoic acid) were used to dissociate the three LA hydroxylase activities. These experiments suggest that the site-specific hydroxylation [omega-, (omega-1)-, (omega-2)-] of LA may be catalyzed by different isozymes of cytochrome P-450.

The maximally localized magnetic and electric Wannier functions of a one-dimensional photonic crystal with inversion symmetry are investigated. The calculated Wannier functions are real and either symmetric or anti-symmetric about an inversion centre of the crystal. The magnetic and electric Wannier functions of each band are centred at the same point, but they have opposite inversion symmetries. Interestingly, for the first band, they show different kinds of asymptotic behaviour. In turn, for higher bands, both types of Wannier functions decay in the same way. When dealing with localized electromagnetic modes in a perturbed one-dimensional crystal, the knowledge of these properties should help to build an appropriate basis set of Wannier functions.

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