Original Article M a i l i n g A d d r e s s : V i r g i n i a G e n e l h u • R u a F e l i p e C a m a r ã o , 8 2 -2 0 5 1 1 -0 1 0 -R i o d e J a n e i r o , R J -B r a z i l E-mail: genelhu@uerj. OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of a greater-than-5% weight reduction in hemodynamic, metabolic, and neuroendocrine profi les of grade I obese subjects. METHODSObservational study with 47 grade I obese subjects, with mean age of 33 years who received monthly orientation regarding diet, physical exercises, and eating behavior for four months. Blood pressure using the auscultatory method and pulse rate were assessed monthly, whereas the following variables (and respective methods) were measured at the beginning and at the end of the study: total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol (enzymatic method), LDL-cholesterol (Friedewald formula), blood glucose (hexokinase method), leptin, adiponectin, renin, aldosterone, insulin (radioimmunoassay) and insulinresistance index (HOMA). RESULTSAfter adjustment for other variables, significant reductions of 6 mmHg in diastolic blood pressure, 7 pg/ml in renin, 13 mg/dl in total cholesterol and 12 mg/dl in LDL-cholesterol were observed in the greater-than-5% weight reduction group. Also, a tendency to a higher increase in adiponectin levels by the end of the study, as well as a three-fold higher reduction in blood glucose, insulin, and HOMA levels, and a six-fold higher reduction in leptin levels were observed in this group. CONCLUSIONSNon-pharmacological measures that promote a greater-than-5% weight reduction produce hemodynamic, metabolic, and neuroendocrine effects that improve the cardiovascular risk of obese subjects. KEY WORDSObesity, weight loss, adipocytokines, lipid profi le, renin.

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BackgroundObservational studies have highlighted an association between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and cardiovascular risk factors. Despite the growing body of evidences, several studies were conducted in older individuals or in carriers of diseases susceptible to affect SUA levels and cardiometabolic risk markers.ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship of SUA with body adiposity, metabolic profile, oxidative stress, inflammatory biomarkers, blood pressure and endothelial function in healthy young and middle-aged adults.Methods149 Brazilian adults aged 20-55 years, both sexes, underwent evaluation of body adiposity, SUA, fasting glucose and insulin, lipid profile, malondialdehyde (MDA), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), adiponectin, blood pressure and endothelial function. Endothelial function was assessed by the reactive hyperemia index (RHI) derived from peripheral arterial tonometry method. Participants were allocated in two groups according to SUA levels: control group (CG; n = 130; men ≤ 7 mg/dL, women ≤ 6 mg/dL) and hyperuricemia group (HG; n = 19; men > 7 mg/dL, women > 6 mg/dL). A P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsAfter adjustment for confounders, participants in HG compared with those in CG displayed higher body mass index (BMI): 34.15(33.36-37.19) vs.31.80 (26.26-34.42) kg/m2,p = 0.008, higher MDA: 4.67(4.03-5.30) vs. 3.53(3.10-4.07) ng/mL, p < 0.0001 and lower RHI: 1.68 ± 0.30 vs. 2.05 ± 0.46, p = 0.03). In correlation analysis adjusted for confounders, SUA was positively associated (p < 0.05) with BMI, waist circumference, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and MDA, and negatively associated (p < 0.05) with HDL-cholesterol, adiponectin and RHI.ConclusionsThis study suggests that in healthy young and middle-aged adults higher SUA levels are associated with higher body adiposity, unfavorable lipid and inflammatory phenotype, higher oxidative stress and impaired endothelial function.

Background This study aimed to evaluate whether soluble vascular cytoadhesive molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), intracellular cytoadhesive molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and endothelial function as assessed by EndoPat outweighed traditional risk factors for the presence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods Patients aged ≥ 12 years completed a clinical–epidemiological questionnaire. Fasting venous blood samples were obtained (lipid profile, glycemic control, and C-reactive protein levels). Vascular reactivity was assessed via peripheral arterial tonometry performed by supplying the reactive hyperemia index (RHI) through the EndoPAT device. sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 levels were measured using multiplex assays. Results Data were obtained from 187 patients (51.3% female), aged 32 ± 13 years with a disease duration of 14 (6–15) years and mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of 9.1% ± 2.1%. After adjustments were made, age, HbA1c, arterial blood pressure, and use of drugs that could interfere with endothelial function were found to be associated with DR. No association was noted with sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 levels and RHI. Conclusions In our sample, sVCAM-1, sICAM and EndoPAT did not outweigh the traditional DR risk factors, such as age, high HbA1c, arterial blood pressure, and use of drugs that could interfere with endothelial function and are significantly associated with DR. Further prospective studies should evaluate if markers of endothelial dysfunction could predict diabetes-related micro and macrovascular complications in T1D.

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