Background: The necessity of improve the life quality in elderly people is well-known. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of physical and cognitive training programs, as well as their combination on the cognitive functions and physical capacities in women over 80 years old. Methods: Forty-three women took part in this study (80.86 ± 5.03 years). They were divided into four groups (three experimental groups and one control group). Experimental group 1 performed cognitive training. Experimental group 2 did physical–cognitive training, and Experimental Group 3 accomplished physical training. All of training programs had duration of eight weeks (five sessions of 60 min per week). We measured cognitive variables with the Stroop test, D2 test, and Trail Making test. Physical variables were measured with handgrip strength, Minute Step Test, and visual–acoustic reaction time. Results. Control group reduces his physical and cognitive capacities, while the three experimental groups increase these capacities. We found a strong correlation between the increase of physical and cognitive capacities. Conclusion: Eight weeks of training physical, cognitive or mixed, increased physical and cognitive functions of elderly people which may reduce the negative effects of the aging process.
En los años 60, del siglo XX, en el marco de la psicología humanista, surge la corriente psicoterapéutica Gestalt, que será creada e impulsada por Fritz Perls, quien dedicaría su vida a darla a conocer. En este trabajo se analiza una de las estrategias psicoterapéuticas más importantes y que más se ha utilizado en la terapia gestáltica, la silla vacía. En este contexto, las polaridades o fuerzas opuestas son un marco de trabajo fundamental en la Gestalt, que tiene como objetivo el equilibrio de partes opuestas que conforman al ser humano y que le dificultan su desarrollo personal (perro de arriba-perro de abajo). La técnica de la silla vacía es un recurso que permite el trabajo terapéutico en multitud de aspectos o situaciones conflictivas que llevan al paciente a terapia. El objetivo de la técnica es establecer el diálogo entre las partes contrarias de su personalidad, para lograr la integración de ambas, pasando por la toma de conciencia ante las dificultades y contratiempos que le supone una vida con ambas partes en conflicto. En este trabajo se desarrolla la técnica de la silla vacía, procedimiento, aplicaciones, consideraciones terapéuticas, etc.
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