Even though the specialized education model in France is a reference in the definition of the training model of the first social educators in Spain, both training processes are developed in differentiated ways. Social education in Spain develops and acquires recognition in the university academic environment, when it is legally recognized in 1991 after the establishment of the official university degree of Diploma in Social Education. However, the training of the specialized educator in France does not take place in the university sphere but in Schools and Institutes of Social Work and concludes with the Diploma of State of Specialized Educator. Both studies were adapted to the European Higher Education Area, allocating a credit load of 180 ECTS, however, the Specialized Educator does not hold the same professional category as the social educator in Spain. Thus, the objective of this work is to know social education as a profession from the perception of its professionals through a comparative study between France and Spain, focusing attention on the training process. For this purpose, a qualitative study was carried out using the structured interview as an information collection instrument. The results show that the social educator in Spain recognizes himself more empowered by defining himself as a professional; both groups identify with the functions and competencies in which they have been trained; they emphasize formative deficiencies and show similar difficulties in the exercise of the profession. The conclusions show that professional recognition goes beyond professional identity, implying recognition or social prestige, as well as the need to design a permanent training plan that channels the training deficiencies of both professionals.
La finalidad de este trabajo es definir el perfil competencial de la educación social, lo que implica valorar en qué medida las competencias propuestas son necesarias según la percepción de los profesionales. El estudio se enmarca en un diseño mixto complejo gestionado, al amparo de tres grupos de discusión con educadoras y educadores sociales, a través de cuatro momentos de trabajo: análisis previo de la situación profesional intrínseca y extrínseca del educador o educadora social por medio de una matriz DAFO, valoración del modelo de competencias a través de un cuestionario de naturaleza cuantitativa que incorpora el uso de escalas, discusión con los diferentes grupos de educadoras y educadores sociales para construir una visión consensuada de la profesión y diseño de propuestas de mejora con la aplicación de una matriz CAME. La riqueza de los resultados extraídos ha permitido redefinir un perfil competencial con el que el profesional de la educación social se siente identificado. Dicho perfil está compuesto por 23 competencias agrupadas en seis dimensiones: competencias comunicativas, competencias crítico-reflexivas, competencias sociales, conocimientos disciplinares, competencias funcionales y competencias definitorias de la identidad profesional.
Se presenta una experiencia práctica llevada a cabo en el CEIP Bernardo Barco (La Campana, Sevilla) con el alumnado de 6º de educación primaria, basada en el desarrollo y en la adquisición de actitudes y valores positivos que vayan encaminados al desarrollo de nuevos aprendizajes vinculados con la inteligencia emocional. Las actividades desarrolladas a lo largo de las seis semanas de implantación de la propuesta didáctica han revelado que existe un aumento de las conductas positivas y de la mejora de los valores y el trabajo en equipo, lo cual repercute positivamente en el clima de aula de esta y las demás asignaturas en las que participa el alumnado. El trabajo a través de los componentes básicos de la inteligencia emocional utilizando como eje conductor el fútbol ha permitido dotar al alumnado de herramientas de trabajo en grupo, habilidades comunicativas, herramientas para la resolución de conflictos y estrategias para la toma de decisiones.
Training in competences helps university students develop in a comprehensive way that is oriented towards working in their chosen profession. The profession focused on in this study is that of social educator. Degree programmes related to this profession are relatively new and their implementation is also open to variation. As a result of this, a review of the competency profile of the profession is considered necessary. The study presented here aims to validate the competences of this profession by means of expert judgement. The panel of experts assesses the relevance and clarity of each element, as well as giving their opinions on them. The contributions provided result in a set of qualitative and quantitative data whose analysis helps to redefine a profile comprising 23 competences distributed across two dimensions: basic competences (14) and professional competences (9).
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