Este trabalho discute os movimentos contraditórios no sentido da descentralização e da centralização examinando dois conjuntos de políticas: as que trataram de regular as relações fiscais entre os governos nacional e subnacionais e aquelas que redefiniram as responsabilidades no tocante à provisão de alguns serviços sociais. Sustenta-se aqui que, do ponto de vista das relações intergovernamentais, a federação brasileira é um arranjo complexo em que convivem tendências centralizadoras e descentralizadoras, impulsionadas por diferentes forças, com motivações diversas, produzindo resultados variados.
Este artigo aborda a questão democrática enfocando a dinâmica da política local no Brasil. À luz das evidências políticas que embasaram o importante papel do município como alicerce da democracia, estabelecida pelo modelo federativo resultante da Constituição de 1988, como a dinâmica de transferência de recursos e o desenho das políticas sociais, o trabalho analisa de forma geral o mapa de valores e opiniões de elites e lideranças locais com relação a atribuições e competências de diferentes níveis de governo. Os dados analisados provêm da pesquisa Democracia e governo local, realizada com 450 lideranças de municípios brasileiros. This article analyses the democratic question in Brazil, focusing on the dinamycs of the local politics. Based on the evidences that show the main role of the municipality in the democraic process, as it was established in the federative model of the 1988 Constitution, for instance, the model of resources distribution and the model of social policies, this work analyses in a general way the map of values and opinions of the local elites and leaderships in what refers to the competences of different levels of government. The data were produced in the research Democracy and local government, with 450 interviews conducted with Brazilian local leaderships
In this paper we use surveyed data to understand Bolsonaro’s electorate and, in doing so, we discuss significant interpretations about the conditions to the rise of populist politicians. In the first section, we present and discuss macro interpretations that resort either to socioeconomic or political culture processes in order to explain populism. In the second part, we describe, briefly, Jair Bolsonaro’s political career and show why he is an authentic member of the populist family. In the third and fourth sections, we present survey data on Bolsonaro’s voters, their socioeconomic features, and their beliefs regarding political regimes and democratic institutions, and contending moral issues. We argue that data show that the president social bases are not those the current literature relates to populist leaders and that their attitudes towards politics and moral issues do not differ significantly from those found among supporters of other candidates running for the presidency in 2018. In the conclusions, we suggest some alternative explanations to Bolsonaro’s unexpected electoral success
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