Fungemia in hematologic malignancies (HM) has high mortality. This is a retrospective cohort of adult patients with HM and fungemia between 2012 and 2019 in institutions of Bogotá, Colombia. The epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological characteristics are described, and risk factors related to mortality are analyzed. One hundred five patients with a mean age of 48 years (SD 19.0) were identified, 45% with acute leukemia and 37% with lymphomas. In 42%, the HM was relapsed/refractory, 82% ECOG > 3, and 35% received antifungal prophylaxis; 57% were in neutropenia, with an average duration of 21.8 days. In 86 (82%) patients, Candida spp. was identified, and other yeasts in 18%. The most frequent of the isolates were non-albicans Candida (61%), C. tropicalis (28%), C. parapsilosis (17%), and C. krusei (12%). The overall 30-day mortality was 50%. The survival probability at day 30 in patients with leukemia vs. lymphoma/multiple myeloma (MM0 group was 59% (95% CI 46–76) and 41% (95% CI 29–58), p = 0.03, respectively. Patients with lymphoma or MM (HR 1.72; 95% CI 0.58–2.03) and ICU admission (HR 3.08; 95% CI 1.12–3.74) were associated with mortality. In conclusion, in patients with HM, non-albicans Candida species are the most frequent, and high mortality was identified; moreover, lymphoma or MM and ICU admission were predictors of mortality.
Cryptococcosis in the central nervous system is an infrequent infection in immunocompetent patients. The Cryptococcus complex of which Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii is a part, cause infection that starts in the lung and later causes infection in the central nervous system; being more frequent in immunocompetent patients Cryptococcus gattii and in immunocompromised patients Cryptococcus neoformans; having as a relevant clinical presentation headache due to increased intracranial pressure; this article reports a clinical case of a 46-year-old male, immunocompetent, who attends due to headache with warning signs, the warning signs being: first episode of headache with characteristics of increased intracranial pressure, which does not subside with analgesia, performing complementary studies, these being neuroimaging and lumbar puncture with identification with polymerase chain reaction in cerebrospinal fluid, in which infection in the central nervous system by Cryptococcus gattii is identified and during hospital stay a pulmonary nodule with cryptococoma is identified, for which lobectomy was performed, and treatment with amphotericin B and fluconazole was ordered.
Introducción: los pacientes con enfermedad renal son una población de alta complejidad por sus condiciones de multimorbilidad, riesgo cardiovascular y requerimiento de terapias inmunosupresoras. La vacunación es una de las principales estrategias para mitigar el riesgo de infecciones, no obstante, la respuesta a las vacunas se ve afectada por la pérdida de la calidad de la función inmunológica, efecto que es mayor en la medida en que la enfermedad renal progresa o se requiere el uso de medicamentos inmunosupresores. Por ello, las prácticas de inmunización deben ser incentivadas en los pacientes en estadios más precoces de su enfermedad. Desafortunadamente, existe un amplio desconocimiento por parte de los prestadores de atención respecto de las mejores prácticas de inmunización, adicionalmente, en Colombia no existe cobertura de aseguramiento en el plan de beneficios de salud para muchos de los biológicos requeridos. Objetivo: generar recomendaciones informadas en evidencia sobre vacunación en pacientes con enfermedad renal y condiciones especiales relacionadas. Metodología: a partir de una revisión y un análisis crítico de evidencia, el grupo desarrollador formuló recomendaciones sobre indicaciones, contraindicaciones y consideraciones especiales de inmunización en pacientes con enfermedad renal. Se consultó a un colectivo de expertos en infectología y nefrología sobre el acuerdo con las recomendaciones propuestas. Se definió un umbral de acuerdo del 80?%. Resultados: inicialmente se formularon 135 recomendaciones, de las cuales 124 recomendaciones fueron aprobadas en la consulta virtual, aquellas que no superaron el umbral fueron consensuadas en una sesión virtual. Al final del proceso se obtuvieron 142 recomendaciones. Conclusiones: la vacunación es una estrategia de prevención altamente recomendable en pacientes con enfermedad renal, con impactos favorables sobre la carga de enfermedad y la supervivencia. Se espera que las recomendaciones propuestas permitan orientar y estandarizar las prácticas de inmunización en estos pacientes y mejorar los desenlaces en salud para esta población.
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