No abstract

A home visit intervention program for adolescents throughout their pregnancy and during the early stages of motherhood was evaluated. The participants (N = 90) were part of a larger group of adolescents treated in two health centers in a poor neighborhood in Santiago, Chile. The program was carried out by volunteer community health monitors and evaluated through an experimental, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Cost-effectiveness was examined in comparison with standard health care. Results show higher scores for the intervention group on the mothers' mental health and nutritional state, as well as on the children's levels of linguistic development.

A Participant Action Research process was carried out with individuals affected by Inflammatory Bowel Disease, more specifically Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis. The results show evidence of a transformation of social representations of disease. 'Normalization' is the central component of the transformation, indicating the achievement of a more restricted representation of the illness. This change is an attitudinal modification, which is characterized by higher tolerance of the disease--accepting its chronic nature and the limitations it imposes on daily life--, acceptance of the possibility of being supported by others in facing the disease, and the recognition of a transformational process that involves different stages in dealing with and accepting the disease.

Clients', therapists', and observers' identification of change was studied in 27 therapeutic processes, and agreement on the amount, temporal location, and content of change was related to outcome. Results show that clients reported more changes in successful therapies. Client-therapist temporal match of change moments was low irrespective of outcome. Results from all three perspectives were consistent in that manifestation of new behaviors and emotions was the most representative content of change among all therapies. Meanwhile, client-therapist agreement on the frequency of grouped change indicators reported was associated with positive outcome, whereas client-observer agreement was related to negative outcome. Therapists and observers agreed in both successful and nonsuccessful therapies. The relationship between agreement and therapeutic outcome is discussed in relation to each dimension of analysis.

ResumenEl presente artículo muestra los resultados de una encuesta de opinión pública acerca del 11 de septiembre de 1973 y el Régimen Militar, aplicada a 792 personas de la Región Metropolitana. La muestra contempló participantes de distintas orientaciones ideológicas y de tres generaciones políticas: quienes cumplieron 18 años antes de 1973, los que lo hicieron entre 1974 y 1989, y los que llegaron a esa edad a partir de 1990. Los resultados confirman que se trata de una fecha que posee importancia subjetiva para la mayoría de las personas. Los análisis revelaron que las diferencias generacionales son relativamente menores. La posición ideológica subsiste como un factor fuertemente diferenciador del recuerdo que se tiene sobre este período de la historia chilena, aunque también se constataron convergencias inesperadas entre personas de distintas posiciones. El 11 de septiembre de 1973 es el hecho histórico ampliamente considerado en Chile como el más significativo de la segunda mitad del siglo XX y, posiblemente, de todo ese siglo. A casi treinta años de ese día, esta fecha sigue teniendo vigencia en la política nacional, los medios de comuni-* Este trabajo se basa en una encuesta llevada a cabo en el marco de un proyecto financiado por el Fondo Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (FONDECYT #199-0546).