Pugun tanoh(Curanga fel-terrae) merupakan salah satu jenis tumbuhan yang diketahui memilki banyak khasiat dan telah digunakan secara empiris oleh masyarakat Kabupaten Karo. Temu giring merupakan salah satu dari sekian banyak tanaman obat yang tumbuh di Indonesia. Telah dilakukan beberapa penelitian tentang khasiat temu giring yaitu sebagai immunodulator, aktivitas fagositosis dan penurun kadar kolesterol darah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun pugun tanoh dan rimpang temu giring. Serbuk simplisia daun pugun tanoh dan rimpang temu giringdiekstraksi dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Masing-masing ekstrak dan kombinasi ekstrak diuji aktivitasantioksidan terhadap DPPH sebagai radikal bebas dengan mengukur absorbansi DPPH pada panjang gelombang 516 nm pada menit ke-35. Hasil pengujian aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode DPPH menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun pugun tanoh tunggal, rimpang temu giring tunggal, beserta kombinasinya (1:1, 1:2 dan 2:1) memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai Inhibitory Concentration (IC50) sebesar 54,01, 102,15, 75,27, 94,85 dan 71,49µg/mL serta tingkat interaksi kombinasi yang dihasilkan adalah aditif, aditif dan antagonis menengah dengan nilai Combination Index sebesar 1,09, 1,03dan 1,21. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari hasil pengujian antioksidan menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol rimpang temu giring dan daun pugun tanoh memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang kuat, tetapi kurang efektif bila kedua ekstrak dikombinasikan

Background: Curcuma heyneana (Valeton & Zijp.) or temu giring has various pharmacological activities. However, its hepatoprotective activity toward ethanol induction has never been carried out. Objectives: The objective of this research was to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of the C. heyneana rhizome extract toward Wistar rats induced by ethanol. Methods: The research was initiated with the determination of curcuminoid content, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and characterization of extract using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Hepatoprotective activity was tested using the C. heyneana extract at doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg with 5 g/kg ethanol as an inducer. Aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), liver weight, and macroscopic and microscopic liver were used as parameters. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The curcuminoid content of the extract was 1.18% (w/w). Total phenolic content of the C. heyneana extract was 400.37 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g sample, while total flavonoid content was 27.25 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g sample. Nine compounds were identified in the extract. Administration of the extract at doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg kept the liver normal. It was identified macroscopically from the dark red color without any white spot and normal liver weight. Furthermore, at doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg, the extract inhibited AST and ALT elevation, which was significantly different from the negative control group (P < 0.05). The extract also prevented hepatocyte injury that was seen microscopically. Conclusions: It can be concluded that the C. heyneana extract at doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg is effective as hepatoprotective in the liver injury induced by ethanol.

Previous studies have shown that the extracts of Curcuma mangga Valeton & Zijp rhizomes and Picria fel-terrae Lour. leaves could modulate cellular- and humoral-mediated immunity in macrophages and animal models. In the present study, the immunomodulatory effects of combined ethanol extracts of C. mangga rhizomes and P. fel-terrae leaves were investigated on cellular- and humoral-mediated immunity in Wistar rats and mice. The phytochemical constituents of the ethanol extracts of C. mangga and P. fel-terrae, and combined extracts were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Mice were orally administered with combined extracts of C. mangga and P. fel-terrae (1 : 1) at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg·bw for 7 days, and the carbon clearance method was used to investigate their phagocytosis activity. Wistar rats were treated orally with the combined extracts 72 h prior to sensitization with Staphylococcus aureus and continued for 14 days. The effect of extracts on delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response was determined by the paw edema method, while the effects on antibody (IgG and IgM) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Picfeltarraenin VI and ferruginol were the major components in the extracts of P. fel-terrae and C. mangga, respectively. The combined extracts at 1 : 1 ratio demonstrated a dose-dependent stimulation of both cellular- and humoral-mediated immunity in both animal models. The combined extracts displayed the strongest stimulation on DTH response and phagocytosis activity at 100 mg/kg·bw, which were comparable with those of the positive control, levamisole. IgG and IgM production and IL-2 release were also stimulated after treatment with extracts. The combined extracts of C. mangga and P. fel-terrae possess strong stimulatory activities on cellular- and humoral-mediated immunity and may be developed as a potential nutraceutical for the modulation of immune responses.

Introduction: Isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RIF) are antituberculosis drugs that can induce injury in the liver. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of the ethanol extract of Curcuma heyneana rhizome on liver injury in animal model induced by INH and RIF. Methods: Antioxidant activity was measured by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. All animals were divided into 7 groups. Liver injury was induced by using combination of INH at the dose of 50 mg/kg and RIF at the dose of 100 mg/kg. These drugs were administrated for 15 days along with extracts at doses of 5, 25, 125 or 625 mg/kg. Positive control group was given catechin. On the 16th day, the rats were sacrificed, blood and livers were collected for assessment of biochemical parameters like alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) and histological studies, respectively. Results: The ethanol extract strongly scavenged DPPH with inhibition concentration 50 (IC50) of 82.48 ppm. Administration of ethanol extract of C. heyneana rhizome at the dose of 25, 125 or 625 mg/kg significantly inhibited the elevation of AST and ALT (P<0.01). Moreover, the effects caused by administration of the extracts were similar to the effects caused by catechins. Various doses of the extract could effectively reduce tissue damage. Conclusion: This result suggests that ethanol extract of C. heyneana rhizome at the doses of 25, 125 and 625 mg/kg might be effective as hepatoprotective agent.

The purpose of this research is to find a lupeol acetate from Artocarpus camansi fruit peel. Ethyl acetate extract of A. camansi fruit peel was obtained by maceration process. After the process of fractionation, it results 3 subfractions (A, B, and C). The subfraction B was rechromatographed and yielded B2 2 pure isolate. Based on data from proton nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform–infrared, and mass spectrometry (MS from gas chromatography-MS), the B2 2 isolate was suspected as lupeol acetate compound (in this study, the presence of lupeol acetate in the A. camansi fruit peel has been reported for the first time).