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OBJECTIVE -To assess and compare the technical accuracy of portable glucose meters during the last decade.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -One-thousand preprandial (pre) and postprandial (post) capillary whole-blood glucose values measured with meters owned mainly by diabetic patients were compared with a single laboratory method yearly from 1989 to 1999. A total of 21,950 capillary measurements and their corresponding laboratory reference values were analyzed at our clinic.RESULTS -The lowest mean absolute difference was found in 1989 (pre: 2 Ϯ 22 mg/dl, post: 9 Ϯ 31 mg/dl) (mean Ϯ SD). The highest mean absolute difference was observed in 1993 (pre: 31 Ϯ 33 mg/dl) and 1996 (post: 50 Ϯ 35 mg/dl). The highest mean relative deviation was observed in 1990 (pre: 16.4%) and 1996 (post: 20.6%). The highest percentage of readings that were within a 5% deviation limit were observed in 1998 (pre: 44.5%) and in 1997 (post: 36.7%). Based on blood glucose levels within Ϯ5 and Ϯ10% of laboratory values, the technical accuracy of meters was similar for 1989 and 1999 (P ϭ 0.27 and 0.52, respectively). The percentage of pre values in zone A of Clarke's error grid analysis was Ͼ90% in 1989, 1997, 1998, and 1999.CONCLUSIONS -The analytical performance of glucose meters decreased between 1990 and 1996 but was restored between 1997 and 1999. Nevertheless, our data suggest that the technical accuracy of glucose meters has not significantly improved during the last decade. Complementary studies taking into account the preanalytical improvements of the recent meters, as well as their calibration method, appear necessary. Diabetes Care 26:1170 -1175, 2003S elf-monitoring of blood glucose is now considered to be an important tool in the management of insulintreated diabetes (1). Its importance has increased since Diabetes Control and Complications Trial results have shown that proper control of glucose levels is associated with a reduced risk of microvascular disease in type 1 diabetes (2). Portable glucose meters are widely used in type 2 diabetes, although their contribution to blood glucose improvement has not been established (3). In the last two decades, results obtained with glucose meters appear to have become more reproducible and accurate. The meters have also become smaller, faster for blood glucose analysis, and easier to use (4,5). Although there are some studies concerning user error (6,7), information relating to the evolution of analytical error appears limited (8). To determine whether the analytical accuracy has changed in relation to the global improvement of meter performances, we have prospectively compared, at our clinic and under medical control, 1,000 preprandial and postprandial capillary blood glucose measures using various portable meters on a yearly basis between 1989 and 1999 in comparison to a single reference method (RM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -In our Department ofDiabetes, most of the diabetic patients (mainly type 1 and type 2 diabetes) benefit from an annual check-up during which each patient's device ...

ObjectivesTo evaluate the association between childhood or early adulthood traumatic experiences and adulthood binge eating disorder (BED) in 326 male and 1158 female patients. A structured clinical interview for the DSM-IV (SCID-I/P)-adapted to lifetime exploration for the diagnosis of BED and for DSM-IV Childhood Disorders was conducted by the psychiatrist. ResultsEmotional neglect was the most frequent event experienced (77.8% of females vs. 63.5% of males, p < 0.0001), ahead of physical abuse (23.3%), witnessed domestic violence (17.7%) and sexual abuse (11.8% of females vs. 2.8% of males (p < 0.0001)). The prevalence rate for BED in the whole population was 34.9%. The independent predictors for BED were emotional neglect in male obese patients (OR = 3.49; IC95% (1.94-6.29); p < 0.0001) and physical abuse (OR = 1.56; IC95% (1.14-2.12); p = 0.0047), emotional neglect (OR = 1.83; IC95% (1.37-2.44); p < 0.0001), and sexual abuse (OR = 1.80; IC95% (1.22-2.65); p = 0.0029) in female patients. With a cut-off value of 17, the sensitivity of the Binge Eating Scale for BED during lifetime was 50.8% with 74.7% specificity. ConclusionsThis study shows that early psychological events are independent predictors of BED in obese female and male adults. The BES questionnaire is a poor predictor of BED during lifetime and a structured clinical interview should be recommended.