The article presents the frame structure of the concept Family in the Finnish paroemiological fund, describing three top levels: "Nuclear Family", "Androcentric Family" and "Affinal Family" which include five terminals and four sub-slots. The Finnish mentality reflected in proverbs and sayings is characterized by three cognitive levels according to their inner form and meaning, plane of content and plane of expression. The results of the research suggest that in the analyzed fragment of the linguistic view of the world metaphorical paroemiae make up 51% (70 out of 137 units). In Finnish proverbs and sayings the leadership belongs to the man; fathers are responsible for the formation of national self-consciousness and women are home-keepers. Four types of metaphors are typical of the paroemiae: anthropomorphic, naturemorphic, sociomorphic and artefactual among which the last ones prevail. According to their axiological status the frames are divided into three groups: meliorative, pejorative and ambivalent.

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The aim of the article is the investigation of inter textual relations in the process of genre transformation of the Christmas story into the Yule short story from Charles Dickens to Nikolay Leskov. For this purpose the typical elements of both genres are examined, the conclusion that the Christmas story by Ch. Dickens is a special intertexteme in the Yule short story by N. Leskov. Thorough the comparative analysis of three key ideological, meaningful, and poetic points and spheres (realization of concepts, categories of values and socio-cultural environment) has been made. The categories of values are depicted through the vertical relationship "a man-God", as well as the opposition of humanity and self-absorption, moral and legal laws. Socio-cultural environment is considered as the image of household items of different classes (the merchants, the peasants, the nobles, the clergy, and the officials in the works by N. Leskov and the bourgeois and the workers in the works by Ch. Dickens) and socio-cultural symbols through the traditions of Christmas celebrating.

The article presents the comparative analysis of the concept Family in the Finnish and Mari paroemiological funds, both belonging to the Finno-Ugric languages, from the point of view of their metaphorical conceptualization. We define a metaphorical model as an interaction between different conceptual spheres as a result of which new linguistic units with a figurative meaning are formed. The Finnish and Mari mentalities reflected in proverbs and sayings are characterized by three cognitive levels according to their inner form and meaning, plane of content and plane of expression. In the analyzed fragment of the linguistic worldview metaphorical paroemiae make up in the Finnish language 51 % (70 out of 137 units) and in the Mari language -74 % (128 out of 173), which means that in the Mari paroemiological fund metaphorical conceptualization prevails. Four types of metaphors are typical of the paroemiae in both funds: anthropomorphic, naturomorphic, sociomorphic and artefact. Artefact metaphors occupy a significant place in the paroemiological funds of both languages.

The aim of the article is to study the notions of crime and punishment in the Shakespeare's tragedy "Macbeth". It analyses the role of supernatural elements and metaphorical symbols as key components of the images of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. Complex metaphors and poetic symbols go through the play's plot. They follow the development of the characters' inner struggle, reveal their intentions, and finally reflect their fall. Most symbols represent the supernatural dichotomy of the heaven (king Duncan's virtues are compared to angels) and the hell (Macbeth is called a devil). Even the scenes of nature are depicted fantastically. The words of Hecate and the 'weird sisters' express the idea of existence in the external human world of something unknown that affects people's internal motivation. At the end of the tragedy, metaphors in Macbeth's soliloquies embody the themes of death, destruction, moral disintegration of the personality of the person who lost the meaning of life. The results of the research show that metaphors and symbolic elements are implied in the tragedy to create a psychological portrait of main characters. On the one hand, Shakespeare used them to show individuals. On the other hand, these characters become the collective images of sinners and righteous men.