The Cuban government has implemented a series of agricultural transformations since 2007 to increase the country's agricultural self-sufficiency and reduce its dependency on food imports. These include the transfer (in usufruct) of State-owned land to non-State producers (e.g. cooperatives and private farmers), moderate price reforms, the decentralization of decision making, and the gradual relaxation of existing forms of agricultural commercialization. As a result of these measures, the area planted, as well as physical output and agricultural yields (in selected non-sugar crop categories) have shown mixed results, but still remain below desired levels. There are three (3) fundamental unresolved aspects that have prevented Cuba's agricultural sector from achieving the desired outcomes:(1) the need to achieve the "realization of property," (2) the recognition and acceptance of the market as a complementary economic coordination mechanism, and (3) the absence of a systemic focus to achieve the successful completion of the agricultural production cycle. These unresolved aspects should be addressed through: (1) the consolidation of input markets, where producers can obtain essential inputs at prices that correspond to the prices they can Journal of Agricultural Studies

Acopio, which is officially known as the Unión Nacional de Acopio (UNA), currently operates under the Ministry of Agriculture (MINAGRI) and consists of 12 enterprises (empresas nacionales) and 15 basic enterprise units (Unidades Empresariales de Base-UEBs) that operate nationwide, except in the provinces of Artemisa, Mayabeque, and Havana, and in the Isle of Youth, where the direct commercialization of selected agricultural products is permitted (Martín González, 2018). Acopio supplies an estimated 400 state-run agricultural markets (Mercados Agropecuarios Estatales-MAEs) and some 1,200 agricultural sales outlets (puntos de venta) on daily basis with domestic agricultural products, which are collected from state farmers, agricultural cooperatives, and private producers (e.g., independent farmers and usufructuraries) (Martín González, 2018).

This paper presents a detailed analysis of the principal socioeconomic characteristics of the population of the Bronx at the end of 2009, and compares them with the socioeconomic characteristics of the populations of the State of New York and the (rest of the) United States. The paper is divided into four (4) sections: (1) demographic characteristics, (2) social characteristics, (3) housing characteristics, and (4) economic characteristics.