BACKGROUND: Normal metabolism of oxygen and exogenous factors constantly generate free radicals which could be harmful to the human body. Human need antioxidants to provide protection against free radicals, thus plants are a good source of natural antioxidants. Phyllanthus niruri (P. niruri) has been known to possess several medicinal properties and contain numerous active phytochemical. In this research, we conducted phytochemical screening and antioxidant assay of P. niruri extract along with the compounds rutin and quercetin, which are flavonoids possessing medicinal properties. This study was conducted to determine P. niruri, rutin and quercetin as antioxidant. METHODS:In this study, qualitative phytochemical screening was performed to detect phenol, flavonoid, saponin, tannin, steroid/triterpenoid, terpenoid and alkaloid in P. niruri extract. Antioxidant analysis of P. niruri, rutin and quercetin was conducted using total measured phenolic content, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. RESULTS:The study revealed that P. niruri extract contained saponin, phenol, flavonoid and tannin based on phytochemical screening. In DPPH and ABTS assays quercetin possessed highest antioxidant activity with IC 50 value of 0.55 and 1.17 µg/ml respectively. Meanwhile, P. niruri extract showed the highest FRAP activity which was 373.95 µM Fe(II)/µg extract. Rutin possessed the lowest antioxidant activity in all antioxidant assays. CONCLUSION:This study confirmed that P. niruri extract and quercetin have great potential as a natural antioxidant source. KEYWORDS

Various plants and their derived compounds have been used in the treatment of inflammation, including Syzygium aromaticum (L.) and eugenol as one of the most active compounds in it. Inflammation is one of an important biological response to injury. Anti-inflammatory is important to treat the danger of acute and chronic inflammation. The objective of the present study was to evaluate anti-inflammatory potential of S. aromaticum flower bud (clove) ethanol extract and eugenol from S. aromaticum on LPS stimulated-murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7). Cell viability assay was performed to evaluate the nontoxic concentration in cell line was performed by MTS assay. The cytotoxic activity which is considered safe on RAW.264.7 cell were 50 and 10 µg mLG 1 concentration of the S. aromaticum flower bud ethanol extract and eugenol. Several measurements were performed including IL-1β, TNF-α, NO and IL-6 concentration assay by Elisa after treatment compared to non treated cells to determine the anti-inflammatory activity. Syzygium aromaticum was inhibited IL-1β, TNF-α, NO and IL-6 release on LPS stimulated-RAW.264.7. No significant difference was observed in the S. aromaticum flower bud extract and eugenol on IL-1β inhibitory activity but eugenol showed the higher TNF-α inhibitory activity then S. aromaticum flower bud extract. The 50 µg mLG 1 ethanol extract of S. aromaticum flower bud showed the highest IL-6 and nitrite-associated NO inhibitory activity. This research revealed that ethanol extract and eugenol of S. aromaticum flower bud (clove) possess the anti-inflammatory potential showed by the inhibitory activity of the inflammatory mediator including IL-1β, TNF-α, NO and IL-6.

Hypertension is commonly found in obesity patients. Age affects the occurrence of hypertension. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of obesity on blood pressure levels in early adulthood males (<35 years) and middle adulthood males (?35 years). This is an observational analytic study using data from medical check-up records of male adult office workers in Bandung. The data was analyzed with Mann-Whitney test (? = 0.05) and Chi-Square to find the odds ratio (OR). The results showed that out of 110 data in medical records, there were 79 (71.82%) obese and 31 (28.18%) non-obese. In early adulthood males (<35 years) there is no significant difference between non-obese with obese in systolic blood pressure (p=0.779) and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.779). In middle adulthood males (?35 years) there was a highly significant difference between non-obese with obese on systolic blood pressure (p=0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.003). There was a significant relationship between obesity and hypertension (p=0.048) with OR=3.73. In conclusion, in early adulthood males (<35 years) obese does not have an effect on the development of hypertension, while in middle adulthood males, obesity increases the risk of developing hypertension by 3.73 times.     Keywords: obesity, blood pressure, early adulthood males, middle adulthood males

Jejas hati imbas obat ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar enzim hati dan kerusakan jaringan hati. Jejas hati imbas obat sering disebabkan oleh konsumsi beberapa obat seperti parasetamol dan rifampisin. Jejas hati imbas obat dapat dibagi menjadi jejas hati imbas obat tipe intrinsik dan jejas hati imbas obat tipe idiosinkratik. Penatalaksanaan jejas hati imbas obat adalah dengan menghentikan konsumsi obat terkait. Salah satu obat herbal asli Indonesia adalah tanaman sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) yang memiliki banyak manfaat salah satunya sebagai hepatoprotektor dan agen antiinflamasi. Pemberian sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) pada mencit maupun tikus yang mengalami jejas hati imbas obat menyebabkan penurunan kadar enzim hati di dalam darah dan memperbaiki gambaran histologis hati sehingga sambiloto dapat menjadi salah satu terapi adjuvant untuk mengatasi jejas hati imbas obat.