There is a great interest in developing suitable alternatives for the utilization of whey, a by-product from cheese production that contains high concentration of lactose. These alternatives allow the transformation of whey into several products, reducing its environmental impact and providing gains to the dairy industry through the development of new products. The goal of this study was to optimize the synthesis of lactulose from the permeate of bovine whey. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the effect of two parameters, time of reaction (90, 135 and 180 min) and isomerization type (sodium sulfite, boric acid and β-galactosidase enzyme), aiming to obtain the highest reaction yield. According to the response surface and desirability function, the best experimental conditions for lactulose synthesis (where it was obtained 50.06 g of lactulose per 100 g of whey powder) consisted of a reaction time of 180 min with the use of enzymatic isomerization.
The gluten is a protein associated with a numerous food allergy cases. As the gluten-related disorders relates is increasing, the demand for gluten-free breads (GFB) has been also increasing. The aim of this study was to obtain a GFB with increased nutritional aspects and sensorially accepted. A Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) 2 3 was employed in order to choose the ideal proportions of partially defatted chia flour (PDCF) (1.23 to 24.77%), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose gum (HPMC) (0.00 to 2.51%), and Xanthan gum (XG) (0.00 to 2.51%
Adição de hidrocolóides em pães sem glúten seguido de enriquecimento com polpa de abacate (persea americana mill)Addition of hydrocolloids in gluten-free breads followed by enrichment with avocado pulp (persea americana mill)A doença celíaca é uma enteropatia crônica, que afeta o intestino delgado de indivíduos geneticamente predispostos. É ocasionada pela ingestão do glúten e possui uma única forma de tratamento, uma dieta livre das proteínas deste composto. Por isso, procura-se desenvolver produtos, isentos de glúten que possuam alto valor nutricional e características estéticas aceitáveis pelo consumidor. Neste estudo buscou-se otimizar a concentração de hidrocolóides em formulações de pães isentos de glúten para posterior enriquecimento com polpa de abacate (Persea americana Mili). A otimização ocorreu por meio de um planejamento fatorial completo 2 2 . Análises físico químicas foram realizadas na polpa de abacate e posteriormente através de um planejamento de misturas binário incorporada aos pães. Verificou-se que a goma xantana não apresentou efeito sobre as características reológicas desejadas e por isso, não foi utilizada. Os resultados observados apontaram para a menor concentração de hidroxipropilmetilcelulose como a região de maior volume e menor firmeza nos pães. Com a adição da polpa observou-se um aumento nos teores de umidade, cinzas, proteína bruta e lipídeos e uma ótima razão entre os ácidos graxos das famílias n-6 e n-3. Por meio da função de desejabilidade o ensaio do ponto centroide do planejamento de misturas foi caracterizado como a melhor formulação nas respostas volume específico e firmeza do miolo do pão. Com base nos resultados conclui-se que com a incorporação da polpa de abacate ocorreu um aumento no valor nutricional dos pães e que a menor concentração de hidroxipropilmetilcelulose contribuiu para a formação de um pão com maior volume e menor firmeza.Palavras-chave: Pão, Hidroxipropilmetilcelulose, Goma xantana, Superfície de resposta.
ABSTRACTCeliac disease is a chronic enteropathy that affects the small intestine of genetically predisposed individuals. It is caused by the ingestion of gluten and has a unique form of treatment, a diet without the proteins of this compound. Therefore, it is sought to develop gluten-free products that have high aggregate nutritional value and rheological characteristics acceptable to the consumer. This study aimed to optimize the concentration of hydrocolloids in formulations of gluten-free breads for enrichment with avocado pulp (Persea americana Mili). The optimization occurred through a complete factorial design 2 2 , and response surface analysis. For the incorporation of the pulps, physical chemical analyzes were performed on the avocados and later applied through a planning of binary mixtures. The observed results indicate lower levels of the hydroxypropylmethylcellulose concentrations as the region of greater volume and less firmness in the loaves. By means of secondary tests it was verified that the xanthan gum had no effect on the desired rheo...
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