Encouraged by the violent behavior of certain football fans in Brussels at Heysel Stadium on 29 May 1985, the Council of Europe European Convention on Spectator Violence and Misbehaviour at Sports Events and in particular at Football Matches i.e. Convention no. 120 (CETS no. 120) which entered into force on 1 November 1985. Convention no. 120 retained its original features until 2013 when the Council of Ministers concluded that it was outdated and that it was not in line with the experience gained since the entry into force. Consequently, the Standing Committee decided to draft a new text of the Convention and it resulted with Convention no. 218 (CETS no. 218) i.e. Council of Europe's Convention on an Integrated Safety, Security, and Service Approach at Football Matches and Other Sports Events. Safety measures, security measures and measures in the area of services, as a key part of Convention No. 218, aim to create a safe and secure environment at all sports events. An integrated approach to safety and security requires coordination at the international, national and local levels, and emphasizes the importance of effective co-operation with the police, emergency services and other partners not only in terms of guaranteeing physical security but also in preventing discriminatory and racist behavior. The importance of establishing a national football information point has also been established as a key mediator in the exchange of information on football matches with an international character as well as for the international cooperation of state bodies essential for the safety and security at football matches. Reasons for the emergence of Convention no. 218 is not only in the prevention of violent behavior at sporting events and in improving safety and security, but also in further development and better coordination of international cooperation in the prosecution of perpetrators of such inappropriate acts.
Institut izručenja najstariji je oblik međunarodne pravne pomoći koji je među državama članicama Europske unije zamijenjen europskim uhidbenim nalogom. U odnosu na treće države kakva je Bosna i Hercegovina izručenje je jedini instrument kojim se omogućava transfer osoba koje se trebaju izručiti zbog vođenja kaznenog postupka, ili izvršenja kazne zatvora, ili zbog druge mjere koja podrazumijeva oduzimanje slobode u državi moliteljici. Radi stalna nastojanja da se osiguraju pravna sigurnost, načelo zakonitosti i vladavina prava, države kao subjekti međunarodnog prava svoje odnose na području ekstradicijskog prava sve više reguliraju potpisivanjem bilateralnih sporazuma kojima žele ostvariti taj cilj. U tom smjeru Hrvatska i Bosna i Hercegovina zaključile su 28. studenog 2012. Ugovor o izručenju koji se s tim datumom počeo privremeno primjenjivati, a stupio je na snagu 6. ožujka 2014. Ugovorom su, između ostalog, ekstenzivnije uređene odredbe o izručenju vlastitih državljana, čime se na određen način odstupilo od tradicionalnog načela neizručenja vlastitih državljana. Autori u radu analiziraju odredbe Ugovora o izručenju s posebnim osvrtom na odredbe o izručenju vlastitih državljana, osobito državljana koji imaju dvojno državljanstvo, što je nerijetko slučaj državljana Hrvatske i Bosne i Hercegovine. Mnoge države u Europi i svijetu tradicionalno se snažno protive izručenju vlastitih državljana. Načelo neizručenja vlastitih državljana proizlazi iz suverenosti država i njezinih državljana te obveza koje ih vežu, a osobito nepovjerenja u pravosudne sustave drugih država. Međutim, imajući u vidu da je temeljni cilj izručenja borba protiv nekažnjavanja osoba za koje se sumnja da su počinile kazneno djelo ili koje su osuđene za to, tada bi se nepovjerenje kao razlog neizručenja vlastitih državljana trebalo uzeti s velikim oprezom. Da je načelo neizručenja vlastitih državljana u suvremenome kaznenom pravu zastarjelo, potvrđuje još i Konvencija o izručenju između država članica Europske unije navodeći da se izručenje ne smije odbiti s obrazloženjem da je osoba državljanin države moliteljice. Cilj je ovog rada analizom postojećega normativnog okvira i praktičnih primjera (ne)izručenja vlastitih državljana između Hrvatske i Bosne i Hercegovine upozoriti na probleme koji utječu na učinkovitu pravosudnu suradnju tih dviju država te ponuditi stajališta koja bi mogla pridonijeti razmatranju vrlo aktualnih pitanja.
With the entry into force of the Criminal Procedure Code of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the roles of the prosecutor and the court have been changed significantly compared to the earlier legislation, especially in the investigative procedure. According to the existing normative framework, the role of the court in the investigation is much more passive since at this stage of the procedure the court does not control the merits of conducting the investigation. The mixed accusatorial concept of investigation as the one existing in the criminal justice system of Bosnia and Herzegovina has led to certain restrictions on the rights of the defence in investigation. Investigation is an important stage in criminal proceedings that is conducted for evidence and data collecting necessary to decide whether to file an indictment or discontinue the proceedings, as well as for evidence that can be presented at the main hearing and upon which the judgment is rendered. It is therefore necessary to ensure that a proper and lawful investigation is conducted. This means to make sure that all parties involved in the investigation, especially defence are treated in a fair manner. The right to defence is a fundamental human and constitutional right guaranteed by international conventions. The right to defence results in several individual rights enjoyed by suspects in preliminary proceedings. In order to ensure effective judicial protection of the rights of the suspects, the paper analyses the domestic criminal justice system and presents comparative legal solutions regarding the protection of procedural rights of the defence in investigation. The fundamental issues in analysing regulatory framework in Bosnia and Herzegovina are the lack of effective judicial protection of procedural rights of the defence, the absence of an effective legal remedy to conduct an investigation facilitating the principle of a fair trial for defence and the principle of equality of arms in pre-trial proceedings. In addition, the paper analyses the issue of informing the suspect of an order for investigation, since according to applicable regulations, the suspect does not even need to know about an investigation conducted against him, which is a violation of the principle of right to a fair trial.
Borba protiv terorizma i svih njegovih pojavnih oblika globalni je izazov koji zahtijeva stalnu koordinaciju pravnog i praktičnog aspekta međunarodnih i nacionalnih tijela. Relevantan pravni okvir omogućava harmonizirano djelovanje niza aktera protiv tog teškog kaznenog djela. Zato i ne čude stalna nastojanja Europske unije za poboljšanjem pravnog sustava u cilju suzbijanja terorizma. Autor u prvom dijelu rada daje prikaz kaznenopravnog okvira u borbi protiv terorizma, osobito promjena koje su se dogodile u samoj definiciji terorizma te proširenju terorističkih aktivnosti. Drugi dio rada posvećen je aktivnostima Europske unije u suzbijanju jednog specifičnog modaliteta terorizma, bioterorizma, u smjeru smanjivanja pristupa rizičnim i opasnim materijalima, osiguravanja veće spremnosti kao odgovora mogućim biološkim sigurnosnim rizicima, ojačavanja unutarnjih i vanjskih veza s ključnim regionalnim i međunarodnim partnerima Europske unije te povećanja znanja o potencijalnim rizicima. Konačno, autor daje prikaz praktičnih implikacija terorizma na područje Europske unije iz statističkih pokazatelja Europola i CBRN incidenata.
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