Palabras clave: TICs, conocimiento, nuevas tecnologías Síntesis Este artículo tiene por objeto contribuir a la discusión sobre información y conocimiento en la economía y sociedad de América Latina centrándose en el uso y la difusión de las tecnologías de información y comunicación (TICs) en la industria manufacturera argentina. En el texto se dirige la atención a dos ejes del tema: el alcance real del uso y difusión de TICs y su vinculación con el desempeño general de la firma (capacidad de innovación, organización del trabajo y competitividad). En ese sentido, se efectúa una caracterización del uso y difusión de las TICs en la industria argentina en base a dos objetivos: (i) presentar un mapa empírico del uso y la difusión de estas tecnologías en la industria manufacturera y (ii) vincular esa difusión con el avance de las capacidades endógenas de las firmas. El argumento central del trabajo es que la incorporación y la utilización de estas tecnologías no puede ser analizada al margen del desarrollo de las capacidades endógenas alcanzadas por las firmas previamente. Basado en evidencia empírica recogida en una encuesta realizada a 246 empresas industriales argentinas, el trabajo permite hacer algunas inferencias respecto de la forma en que las empresas argentinas utilizan las TICs, no sólo para mejorar lo que ya hacían, sino para generar nuevo conocimiento.
It is generally assumed that multinational companies will, to some extent at least, adapt their practices to host country environments. However, recent work suggests that this process of adaptation is yet more complex and uneven. It is our contention that subsidiary policy on labour relations is not simply the product of adaptation from and to home and host institutional environments but is in fact shaped by the multiple power relations that characterize multinational company subsidiaries. This three country comparison between Argentina, Canada, and Mexico shows that a policy of strong engagement with trade unions requires the presence of actors that can mobilize power resources. It is when both management and workers have power resources that subsidiaries are more likely to develop a policy of strong engagement with trade unions.
This overview of the recent intellectual history of the sociology of work in Latin America contextualizes this history in economic globalization and restructuring and political institutions in Latin America. The three-stage intellectual history addresses the development of a Latin American discipline whose theoretical models and empirical research strategies reflect crossnational similarities and variations in work, workers, and workplaces within Latin America and questions the acritical application of European and North American theoretical and research approaches. The analysis also describes the important role of social networks in the institutionalization of the discipline, including the establishment of the Latin American Sociology of Work Association in 1993.
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This article examines the neo‐liberal reforms introduced in Argentina in the 1990s, focusing on labour policies and their consequences for labour market dynamics and the welfare of households. To put this period in historical context, the authors first provide a brief summary of the strategies applied both during the preceding import‐substitution phase and in the aftermath of the political, economic and social crisis of 2001–02. The latter, in effect, served as the tipping point for the emergence of a new set of social and economic policies aimed at promoting social cohesion and inclusion through employment.
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