The objective of this research is to describe the participation of farmer’s group in extension activity. The benefit of this research is to support the knowledge for agricultural extension agent.  This research had been conducted for three months from the the preparation to management of report from July to September, 2015 at Kanonang Lima Village Kawangkoan Barat Sub-district, Minahasa Regency. The research uses purposive random sampling of  farmer;s group combined with four farmer groups namely Esa Lalan, Esa Ate, Karondoran and Berkat at Kanonang Lima Village Kawangkoan Barat Sub-district. Only two farmer groups that predominantly namely Esa Lalan and Esa Ate farmer groups. Methods of data collection is done by using the primary data. The primary data obtained directly from Esa Lalan and Esa Ate farmer groups using a list of questions. The collecting data had been conducted by using primary data from Esa Lalan and Esa Ate farmer groups. The participation of farmers’ group in agricultural activity had been classified as active at planning and conducting stage. The presence of farmer to participate in agricultural extension is needed to be increased.

This study aims to determine the magnitude of paddy rice farm income and determine how the feasibility of paddy rice farming by the harvest season in Taratara One Village, West Tomohon Sub-district, Tomohon City. The research was carried on three months, from Februari to April 2016, which is located in Taratara One Village. The Samples of farmers is using simple random sampling method (simple random). Data analysis in this research using descriptive analysis with the help of the table, and to determine the amount of income using the formula: I = TR – TC. And the feasibility of farming using analysis of return ratio by the formula: a = R : C. Based on the analysis, the average farm income of paddy rice farmer managed respondents in Taratara One Village by harvest season for the first harvest season 1 (one) Rp. 22,664,971.19 per hectare and the second harvest 2 (two) Rp. 18,541,100.85 per hectare. Rated Ratio/Cost for the first harvest season one (1) by 3.46 and harvest 2 (two) of 2.83. Based decision rule if the value of R/C is more than one, it means paddy rice farming can provide benefits and well work the effort.

Forests have an important role regarding climate change both in mitigation and adaptation efforts. Indonesia is one of the countries with the most extensive tropical forest systems in the world. However, Indonesia experienced the highest level of forest destruction in Southeast Asia. For this reason, Indonesia needs to apply the principles of Sustainable Forest Management to improve the condition of forests through reducing deforestation without compromising the improvement of the welfare of the surrounding community, both men and women. Previous studies prove the involvement of local communities, both men and women, who consider their local knowledge and wisdom is a determining factor for realizing the objectives of Sustainable Forest Management. Previous studies regarding improving the welfare of forest farmers have ignored the needs of both men and women. Similar studies have not been done much in Indonesia or at the global level. There is less research on local knowledge/knowledge that examines how gender differences determine differences in local knowledge/wisdom that men and women have and their respective needs regarding forest resources. For this reason, this study generally aims to increase knowledge about the differences in local wisdom/knowledge possessed and the perceived needs of both men and women who have the potential to rehabilitate forests while improving their lives. This research is the third study in Barangkalang Sangihe Village, located around the protected forest of Mount Sahendaruman. This study uses qualitative data collection methods concerning local wisdom and the needs of men and women relating to forest resources and management. The principle of triangulation is applied to data collection methods and sources. Data collection is done by interview, discussion and observation. Data sources are farmers and village leaders and social organizations. Data analysis uses a qualitative data analysis approach. The results showed that the subconscious of women in particular and the whole community in general who have absorbed the pattern of forest growth that is diverse, structured from high to lowest creeping, is the superiority of the community around the forest. The superiority of this subconscious can be used as a basic capital to develop forest agriculture (agroforestry) that supports each other (mutualistic symbiosis) with protected forests above. Protection Forest can be maintained well only by the community around the forest who can feel the positive impact of the existence of the protected forest, for example as a source of water and as a source of plant seeds (plasma nuftah). Commercial tree crops managed by farmers in the area around the forest cannot be ignored for their biological function for environmental preservation. Because commercial crops, among others, cloves, nutmeg, coconut, and sago, also perennial plants that have deep roots and are also managed like the growth of forestry plants are not regulated like modern plantations.

The aim of the study was to find out the time allocation of women's activities in wetland rice farming in the form of nursery activities, planting, weeding, fertilizing, harvesting until processing land, and controlling pests and diseases only carried out by men. The outpouring of a woman's work time in productive activities depends a lot on socio-economic factors and the condition of her family. Socio-economic factors that influence the outpouring of working time for female farmers are age level, number of family dependents, wage level, land area, marital status, education level, and level of experience. The study lasted for 4 (four) months starting from April to July 2018 in Rasi Satu Village, Ratahan District, Southeast Minahasa Regency. The data used are primary data collected through interviews with 20 women farmers as respondents. Secondary data was obtained from the Rasi Satu Village office. The analysis used is descriptive in table form. The results showed that the outpouring of working time of women in wetland farming in Rasi Satu Village was at nursery activities of 6.86%, planting of 22.08%, weeding of 20.26%, fertilization of 10.06%, harvest of 40.74%. But land management, and control of pests and diseases is only done by men.*eprm*.

This study aims to examine the social capital of farmers and coconut productivity in Sea Village, Pineleng District, Minahasa Regency. This research was conducted from July 2021 to April 2022. The data used were primary data and secondary data. Primary data were collected through interviews, based on a questionnaire. Secondary data was obtained from the Sea Village office in the form of geographical conditions and socio-economic conditions of the community. The sample of this study were 30 farmers from a total population of 60 coconut farmers who were taken using purposive sampling method. The results showed that the social capital of coconut farmers in Sea Village, Pineleng District, Minahasa Regency was relatively high, based on the results of the study with an index of 75.86% and the tendency of productivity variables in the medium category with a percentage of 43.33% or as many as 13 coconut farmers.