This study aims to increase the knowledge regarding determinant factors causes the shift of youth labor as farmers’ children to non-agricultural sector. The location of the research was conducted in Treman Village, Kauditan District, North Minahasa Regency. The study was conducted from January to June 2018. The data used were primary and secondary data. Number of child farmers as the selected respondents are 18 people representing XVIII Jaga by using purposive sampling method. Data analysis used descriptive qualitative analysis in the form of tables and simple quantitative calculations. The results showed that there are two groups of factors causing the shift of child labor of farmers to non-agricultural sector. The first group is the push factor which consists of (1) the conversion of agricultural land to non-agriculture such as the displacement of agricultural land for the construction of buildings and roads which result in the narrowing of the availability of working and working fields, (2) lack of understanding and willingness to work in the agricultural sector. While the second group is the pull factor, consisting of (1) the wage/salary rate in the agricultural sector is lower than wages in the non-agricultural sector. (2) Peasant children's views on employment in non-agricultural and agricultural sectors. There are four views expressed by the child farmers are: a. work in accordance with the field of science related to non-agriculture because according to the last education that has been taken, b. working in the non-agricultural sector is more appreciated and raises social status, c. want to improve working experience in non-agricultural sector, d. better working conditions in non-agriculture than the conditions of employment in agriculture. (3) the more open the opportunities for business and work and the more choices of types of business and work available in the non-agriculture sector than in the agricultural sector.*eprm*.

The objectives of the research are: to find out (1) the contribution of income from trading vegetables to family income and (2) the outpouring of working hours of green vegetable traders at the Manado Bahu Market. This study used primary and secondary data. Primary data is colected through direct interviews with respondents based on the questionnaire. Secondary data were obtained from the relevant agencies, namely the Market Service Office Manado City and Sub-Office of Manado Bahu Market and literature review relating to the research topic, namely the Contribution of Women to Vegetable Traders as Family Income and the daily time spent. The sampling method used purposive sampling method which was limited to women who had ever married who sold green vegetables including kale, spinach, and gedi. The number of respondents was 15 women sellers of green vegetables. The results of the study showed that the average contribution of income per month from green vegetable traders to household income was 58.56% or Rp. 3,345,333. The average amount of time spent in a day to take care of the household is 5.33 hours per day with a percentage of 22.21%, while the average time spent by women vegetable traders in Manado Bahu Market is 6.73 hours per day with a percentage of 28.04% and time for other activities, including social activities and resting, an average of 11.93 hours per day with a percentage of 49.70%.*eprm*.

This study aims to determine the perceptions of farmers in rice fields on the performance of agricultural extension workers in Tatengesan Village, Pusomaen District, Southeast Minahasa Regency. This research wasconducted for 3 months from March to May 2019. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. Primary data collection through interviews and filling out questionnaires with 9 direct questions to 20 respondents of lowland rice farmers. Secondary data was obtained from related institutions, namely the Agricultural Extension Office (BPP), the Old Law Office and the Pusomaen District Office of SoutheastMinahasa Regency, the Internet through google searching and google book, to obtain journal books and articles related to research topics, namely perceptions of lowland rice farmers on the performance ofagricultural extension agents. Data analysis carried out in the study was descriptive analysis using a Likert Scale. The results of the study using a Likert Scale showed that the index numbers of perceptions of lowlandrice farmers on the performance of agricultural extension workers were at the point of 57.96% which was included in the satisfied category. *eprm*

The purpose of this research is to find out how large the rice farming is contributed to family income. The research was conducted in December 2018 to January 2019, ranging from preparation to research Report preparation. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. Primary Data is derived from a direct interview with the respondent's farmer. Secondary Data is obtained from the village office of Taratara One, and internet through Google Books and Googlescholars to obtain articles of journal and thesis related to the topic of the research that is contribution of rice field farming to Family income. The sampling method was done intentionally with a total of 25 respondents. The analysis used in this study was a descriptive analysis and used the formula contributions as well as presented in the form of tables. The results showed that rice farming was an average contribution of 22.29% on family income.*eprm*

This study aims to determine what factors are the cause of drop out of the children of farmers and non-farmers and whether there are differences in factors that cause drop out of the children of farmers and non-farmers. The analysis used in this research is by using descriptive analysis. This study was conducted from April to June 2017. This study used primary data and secondary data. Primary data was collected by direct interviews based on list of questions that have been prepared to the total respondents as many as 28 respondents. Method of sampling in this research use purposive sampling methods, they are children of farmer and not farmer with their parents. The results of this study indicate that the factors causing drop out of the children of farmers and non-farmers are: internal factors consisting of the will of the child itself and because children do not like school. External factors consisting of the economic condition of parents (unable to finance) and the social environment because affected with children who have dropped out of school first. At the parent level, both farmers and non-farmers, there is no difference in the reasons for dropping out. While at the level of children, both farmers and non-farmers children, there are different reasons for dropping out of school. Non-farmer children are because of internal factors: the willingness of children themselves while the child farmers are because of external factors are because the social environment.*eprm*