A traditional flooding practice showed promise for reducing pesticide use in Massachusetts cranberry beds. The 4-week long spring flood, termed "late water," checked pressure of two of the most prevalent and severe management problems, cranberry fruitworm (CFW) and fungal fruit rots (CFR). Fruit rot generally was equal or lower and infestation of fruitworm was consistently lower at the late water beds compared with unflooded beds, even though no fungicides were used for CFR control (standard practice is two or three applications per season) and insecticide applications for CFW were cut by almost 70%. Although there were no significant reductions in yield in two of the years studied, a significant decline (about 25%) occurred on late water beds in one year for unknown reasons.

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Currently, light microscopic examination of cell morphology cannot discriminate Crithidia mellificae and Lotmaria passim with 100% certainty. Here, a minor groove-binding (MGB) probe-based multiplex real-time PCR assay was developed for the simultaneous and quantitative detection of C. mellificae and L. passim in honey bees. A conserved Hymenoptera 18S rRNA gene was built in as an internal control that allows accurate detection of PCR inhibition and failure of DNA extraction. The newly developed assay was also applied to field samples. Of 21 honey bee colonies (446 bees) sampled from six counties in both central and eastern Massachusetts, 3 colonies (14.29%) and 8 bees (1.79%) were infected with L. passim, and 1 colony (4.76%) and 1 bee (0.22%) with C. mellificae. Our data showed a low rate of trypanosomatid infection, and L. passim was more prevalent than C. mellificae in honey bee samples in Massachusetts.

The sex pheromone of the scarab beetle, Phyllophaga anxia, is a blend of the methyl esters of two amino acids, L-valine and L-isoleucine. A field trapping study was conducted, deploying different blends of the two compounds at 59 locations in the United States and Canada. More than 57,000 males of 61 Phyllophaga species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) were captured and identified. Three major findings included: (1) widespread use of the two compounds [of the 147 Phyllophaga (sensu stricto) species found in the United States and Canada, males of nearly 40% were captured]; (2) in most species intraspecific male response to the pheromone blends was stable between years and over geography; and (3) an unusual pheromone polymorphism was described from P. anxia. Populations at some locations were captured with L-valine methyl ester alone, whereas populations at other locations were captured with L-isoleucine methyl ester alone. At additional locations, the L-valine methyl ester-responding populations and the L-isoleucine methyl ester-responding populations were both present, producing a bimodal capture curve. In southeastern Massachusetts and in Rhode Island, in the United States, P. anxia males were captured with blends of L-valine methyl ester and L-isoleucine methyl ester.