Indonesia is one of the countries that has ratified the Declaration on the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and follow up with the issuance of various laws and implementing regulations. Even though Indonesia has ratified the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women and has published various legal instruments for the protection of women, referring to the results of the 2018 National Commission on Violence Against Women there were 348,446 cases of Violence Against Women, of which 3,528 cases occurred in the public sphere and 2,670 cases of violence in the form of sexual violence. Based on these problems, a study was conducted to find out how people's perceptions of women's body autonomy and other forms of sexual violence in public spaces were experienced by women. Theoretical understanding is expected to be used as a basis for legal reform to be more effective in protecting women from sexual violence in the public sphere. This research is legal research with a social science approach. With empirical research, the method used is a qualitative research method by conducting structured interviews with women and in-depth interviews with police officers. The analysis technique that will be used is descriptive qualitative. From the results of the study obtained data, that sexual violence is caused by the unequal power relations between men and women resulting in the view of women as other people. Women do not have autonomy over their bodies. The female body is only used as an object of sexual attraction for men. The dominance of masculinity does not only manifest in the form of violence, but also the norms and rules of law. Legal norms and rules are more nuanced masculine that is not sensitive to the existence of women. There is a need for existing legal reforms to show the real form of gender equality.

<p>Kondisi sungai Brantas Kota Surabaya semakin memprihatinkan akibat pencemaran dari limbah rumah tangga maupun limbah industri. Sebagai pemasok bahan baku PDAM, kualitas sungai Brantas harus diperhatikan sehingga tidak menimbulkan kerugian bagi masyarakat pengguna air. Letak sungai yang berada di kawasan hilir menjadikan beban pencemaran yang dialami sungai Brantas semakin berat serta lemahnya pengawasan dan penegakan hukum juga ikut mempengaruhi penurunan kualitas air sungai Brantas. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menunjukkan peran strategis Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kota Surabaya dalam pengendalikan pencemaran air sungai Brantas baik dalam pengeluaran izin, pengawasan, pemberian sanksi maupun upaya dalam penanggulangan pencemaran.</p><p> </p><p><em>The condition of Brantas river in Surabaya is deteriorating as a result of contamination </em><em>from household as well as industrial waste. As the provider of water for municipal fresh </em><em>water supply service, the quality of Brantas river must be considered so as not to cause </em><em>harm to the water users. The river part which is located in the downstream region makes </em><em>the pollution even more severe. This condition is worsened by the lack of scrutiny and law </em><em>enforcement efforts which ultimately also cause the degradation of the water quality of </em><em>Brantas river. This study was performed to demonstrate the strategic role of the </em><em>Environmental Office of Surabaya Municipality in controlling Brantas river water pollution </em><em>in terms of the issuance of licenses, supervision, implementation of sanctions and </em><em>measures taken to prevent water pollution.</em></p>

Statistical data showed that in 2017 only 67.89% household in Indonesia had access to proper sanitation. On the other hand, the National Medium-Term Development Plan targeted 100% universal access in 2019 that means in 2019 each household should have access to proper sanitation. However, the 2017 data of the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing showed that, only 34, out of 541 municipalities/ cities in Indonesia, have domestic wastewater regulations. This study aims to identify some issues hindering acceleration of the establishment of regional regulations on wastewater management; the goal of the regulations is 100% universal access in 2019. Establishment of domestic wastewater management regulation in the regions in Indonesia is hampered by multisectoral regulation in the national level that is closely related to the domestic wastewater sector. Domestic wastewater management is influenced heavily by the regulations in other sectors. Health, public housing and drinking water are three sectors connected to domestic wastewater. However, Indonesian government simplified domestic wastewater management in the regional level by putting Ministerial Decree on Domestic Wastewater Management System as the major guideline in establishment of local regulations.

Ngadas Village is a village with an interesting order of life and customs like many other villages. The people have lived long with the customs and norms of local wisdom. Our study aims to investigate the harmonization of both customary law and national law in Ngadas Village. The customary law includes the local wisdom value as a philosophy and obeys positive law. To understand the harmonization, we use an empirical juridical approach in understanding the role of government officials in preserving customs and positive law. Subsequently, we discuss the harmonization through the role of government officials covering aspects of community life. Our findings indicate that the positive law serves as a reference to the customary law. The customary law is in line with national interests and laws and national law. Likewise, the customary law is in harmony with religious elements. This denotes the importance of the village's official roles for the local community's interests.

Dasar Negara Indonesia telah menjamin hak asasi warga negara untuk memeluk agama dan untuk beribadat, hak untuk beribadat tak lepas dari hak untuk mendirikan rumah ibadat yang diatur dalam Peraturan Bersama Menteri Agama dan Menteri Dalam Negeri Tentang Pedoman Pelaksanaan Tugas Kepala Daerah/Wakil Kepala Daerah Dalam Pemeliharaan Kerukunan Umat Beragama, Pemberdayaan Forum Kerukunan Umat Beragama, dan Pendirian Rumah Ibadat. Namun demikian terdapat tantangan dalam mendirikan rumah ibadat bagi pemeluk agama minoritas pada berbagai wilayah di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis empiris dengan menganalisis peraturan perundang-undangan disertai dengan analisis mengenai penolakan maupun penerimaan terhadap pendirian rumah ibadat. Hasil penelitian ini adalah: Pertama, meskipun telah diatur dalam Peraturan Bersama Menteri, masih terdapat celah lahirnya intoleransi dari pasal-pasal dalam Peraturan Bersama Menteri terhadap pendirian rumah ibadat kelompok agama minoritas. Kedua, Peraturan Bersama Menteri mengatur pula mengenai penyelesaian konflik antar umat beragama melalui FKUB, namun karena jumlah anggota representative FKUB didominasi oleh kelompok agama mayoritas maka penyelesaian masalah sangat berpengaruh atas kehendak kelompok agama mayoritas. Peran kepala daerah sebagai “key-role” terkait intoleransi dalam pembangunan rumah ibadat dapat dilakukan dengan membentuk perda terkait toleransi serta menyelesaikan permasalahan terkait pendirian rumah ibadat di wilayahnya secara proporsional dan tidak memihak.