With the rise of virtual reality experiences for applications in entertainment, industry, science and medicine, the evaluation of human motion in immersive environments is becoming more important. By analysing the motion of virtual reality users, design choices and training progress in the virtual environment can be understood and improved. Since the motion is captured in a virtual environment, performing the analysis in the same environment provides a valuable context and guidance for the analysis. We have created a visual analysis system that is designed for immersive visualisation and exploration of human motion data. By combining suitable data mining algorithms with immersive visualisation techniques, we facilitate the reasoning and understanding of the underlying motion. We apply and evaluate this novel approach on a relevant VR application domain to identify and interpret motion patterns in a meaningful way.

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Digitalization is a game changer. It enables the move from a single expertise toward interdisciplinary innovation. It thus enables technical innovation by making it easier to acquire and connect system-related information thus enabling the generation of a digital twin. Experts can feed their knowledge into different and connected models. This now structured store of information can be used for holistic value creation. Furthermore, different application domains can also be mapped together creating an environment where new solutions for new markets can emerge. An example of this is predictive maintenance where information derived during vehicle operation is mapped with component knowledge from the design phase. The result is a new service for the user and a new source of revenue for the vehicle manufacturer in a new market (services during vehicle operation). This increases productivity through the optimization of the entire supply chain and the emergence of new services where different application domains converge. At the same time, major automotive trends such as electrification, automated driving, connectivity, and the diversification of mobility are fundamentally reshaping the market in terms of customer needs, the skills required, and business logic. These trends demonstrate that a vehicle is no longer a monolithic system but has instead become a highly customizable system able to adapt itself to its customer and environment. The goal of this chapter is to analyze the opportunities for digitalization in the automotive domain as well as the respective needs for systems engineering including processes, methods, organization, and tools.

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RPM-Synchronous Grinding (RSG) opens up a wide range of applications, as this manufacturing process enables the efficient production of components with a functional macro geometry as well as a functional micro geometry of the surface. Unlike conventional non-circular grinding approaches, the RSG process strategy requires no oscillation of the infeed axis of the grinding spindle generated by coupling the rotation with the workpiece spindle. By using a fixed ratio of grinding wheel and workpiece spindle speed in conjunction with a non-circular grinding wheel geometry, almost all workpiece macro geometries can be produced in a simple plunge grinding process. The topology of the grinding wheel, the kinematic parameters of the dressing and grinding process and the material parameters of the workpiece must be sensibly matched to each other for an advantageous application of the process. Experiments can help to identify relationships, but simulation tools are needed to derive general predictions. Therefore, Molecular Dynamics Simulation (MD) is used to analyze the material removal process. By considering synchronous grinding at this level, the microstructural development of the workpiece and the chip formation process follow directly from atomic interactions, thus yielding elementary relationships to describe grinding. In the presented application, a defined cam geometry for an established steel material is produced using a conventional vitrified grinding wheel in the RSG process. The surface quality and geometric accuracy of the manufactured workpieces are evaluated. A selection of the MD grinding simulation results (workpiece, abrasive, and their interactions) is presented, and their intended application to the grinding process is discussed.