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In an effort to improve local bladder cancer control, we investigated the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of quercetin on human bladder cancer T24 cells. The cytotoxic effect of quercetin against T24 cells was examined by MTT test, clonogenic assay as well as DNA damaging effect by comet assay. In addition, the cytotoxic effect of quercetin on the primary culture of papillary urothelial carcinoma (PUC), histopathological stage T1 of low- or high-grade tumours, was investigated. Our analysis demonstrated a high correlation between reduced number of colony and cell viability and an increase in DNA damage of T24 cells incubated with quercetin at doses of 1 and 50 µM during short term incubation (2 h). At all exposure times (24, 48 and 72 h), the efficacy of quercetin, administered at a 10× higher dose compared to T24 cells, was statistically significant (P < 0.05) for the primary culture of PUC. In conclusion, our study suggests that quercetin could inhibit cell proliferation and colony formation of human bladder cancer cells by inducing DNA damage and that quercetin may be an effective chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent for papillary urothelial bladder cancer after transurethral resection.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are key regulators of the link between inflammation and cancer, and the interplay between TAM and tumor cells represents a promising target of future therapeutic approaches. We investigated the effect of gallic acid (GA) and caffeic acid (CA) as strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents on tumor growth, angiogenesis, macrophage polarization, and oxidative stress on the angiogenic model caused by the intraperitoneal (ip) inoculation of Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cells (2.5 × 106) in Swiss albino mouse. Treatment with GA or CA at a dose of 40 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg ip was started in exponential tumor growth phase on days 5, 7, 9, and 11. On day 13, the ascites volume and the total number and differential count of the cells present in the peritoneal cavity, the functional activity of macrophages, and the antioxidant and anti-angiogenic parameters were determined. The results show that phenolic acids inhibit the processes of angiogenesis and tumor growth, leading to the increased survival of EAT-bearing mice, through the protection of the tumoricidal efficacy of M1 macrophages and inhibition of proangiogenic factors, particularly VEGF, metalloproteinases -2 and -9, and cyclooxygenase-2 activity.

Abstract. The elevated ecological awareness nowadays led to a higher consumption of apples juices. Apples juices are rich in dietary fiber, pectin, potassium, and vitamins A and C as well as in different classes of phenolic compounds, which can protect the human body against oxidative stress by scavenging oxygen free radicals. During production and storage some bioactive compounds might decompose resulting in a reduced antioxidative capacity.Common methods for the determination of the antioxidative capacity of other food stuff are based on the extraction of the compounds under study using acetone, which is senseless in aqueous juices. But acetone might have an influence on the compounds responsible for the antioxidative capacity. Thus, self made apple juice samples were analyzed without organic solvent as well as mixed with acetone to see differences caused by the solvent. The results obtained with both procedures were compared using a paired t-test in order to see statistically significant differences in the results. No statistically significant differences were found between the testing with and without acetone. Thus the time of analysis, the amount of solvents needed, and the required labor force can be reduced without loosing analytical quality. Total content of phenolic compounds ranged from 400 to 650 mg gallic acid equivalent / L (Folin-Ciocalteu method) and antioxidative capacity from 1.0 to 1.6 mmol Trolox ® / L (ABTS assay). (doi: 10.5562/cca1756)

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