Effect of different agroecosystem management on community structure of insects in soybean crop in Ngale, Ngawi District, East Java. Insect community structures in agroecosystem may always change. Agroecosystem management techniques affect insect community structure. The aim of this study was to determine the diversity and composition of insects on soybean plants under different pest management systems and varieties. The experiment design was split plot with varieties (Anjasmoro and Wilis) as the main plots and pest management systems (Integrated Pest Management (IPM), Non-Chemical Management (P-NK), Chemical Management (P-K), and Control) as the sub plots. There were ten insect sampling sessions for each plot. Samplings were done in June until September 2013 using pitfall traps, sticky traps, sweep net, and yellow pan traps. Statistically the results of experiment showed that varieties and pest management had no significant differences to the insects diversity. Herbivore and beneficial insect in soybean crop had differences composition between varieties Anjasmoro and Wilis. In both soybean Anjasmoro and Wilis varieties, herbivore populations tend to be higher in the control plots compared to the IPM plots. Abundance of decomposers, parasitoids, and predators tend to be higher in the control and P-NK plots which were without the use of synthetic insecticides compared to the IPM and P-K plots which were given the treatment of synthetic pesticides. This indicates that the use of pesticides causes decrease in the beneficial insect populations such as pollinator, parasitoids, and predators.Key words: Anjasmoro variety, insect diversity, insect pests, parasitoids, population dynamics, predators, Wilis variety ABSTRAK Pengaruh perbedaan pengelolaan agroekosistem tanaman terhadap struktur komunitas serangga pada pertanaman kedelai di Ngale, Kabupaten Ngawi, Jawa Timur. Struktur komunitas serangga di agroekosistem selalu berubah. Pengelolaan agroekosistem pertanian mempengaruhi struktur komunitas serangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk men getahui keanekaragaman dan komposisi serangga pada tanaman kedelai dengan pengelolaan hama dan varietas yang berbeda. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan petak terbagi RAK dengan petak utama varietas (Anjasmoro dan Wilis) dan pengelolaan hama sebagai anak petak. Pengelolaan hama meliputi Pengelolaan Hama Terpadu (PHT), Pengendalian Non-Kimiawi (P-NK), Pengendalian Kimiawi (P-K), dan Kontrol. Terdapat sepuluh kali sampling serangga pada masingmasing petak dalam satu musim tanam. Pengambilan sampel serangga pada bulan Juni sampai September 2013 dengan menggunakan perangkap lubang jebakan, jaring serangga, perangkap nampan kuning, dan perangkap berperekat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan varietas dan pengelolaan hama tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap indeks keanekaragaman serangga. Komposisi serangga herbivora dan serangga bermanfaat di pertanaman kedelai memiliki perbedaan komposisi spesies antara varietas Anjasmoro dan Wilis. Pada kedua varietas...

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Effect of pest management systems to the insect pests population on Anjasmoro and Wilis soybean varieties. The integrated pest management (IPM) is a pest control approach which is based on ecological and economic considerations. The objective of this research was to study the effect of different pest management systems on the insect pest population using two soybean varieties, Anjasmoro and Wilis.The experiments were done in a randomized complete block design, repeated twice. The pest management systems under the different plots were integrated pest management, non-chemical control, chemical control, and the control (which received neither chemicals nor IPM). Observations were made on the pest population and the intensity of the damage caused by primary soybean pests. The primary pests observed were Ophiomya phaseoli, Aphis gossypii, Lamprosema indicata, Spodoptera litura, Bemisia tabaci, Riptortus linearis and Etiella zinckenella. Integrated pest management significantly affect the population of whitefly on Anjasmoro variety but not on Wilis variety. The populations of bean fly, aphid, leaf roller, armyworm, stink bug and pod borer were not affected by pest management system. The lower yield of Anjasmoro variety was attributed to the attack by a viral infection whose disease incidence reached 80% on the plots without a pest management system. IPM management system was more efficient than chemical management system. ABSTRAKPengaruh pola pengelolaan hama terhadap populasi serangga hama pada lahan kedelai varietas Anjasmoro dan Wilis. Pengendalian hama terpadu (PHT) merupakan suatu cara pengendalian hama dan penyakit yang didasarkan pada pertimbangan ekologi dan efisiensi ekonomi yang berwawasan lingkungan dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh pola pengelolaan hama terhadap populasi serangga hama pada lahan kedelai varietas Anjasmoro dan Wilis. Percobaan dilakukan dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan dua ulangan menggunakan kedelai varietas Anjasmoro dan Wilis. Perlakuan pengelolaan hama yang diterapkan adalah pengelolaan hama terpadu, pengendalian non-kimiawi, pengendalian kimiawi, dan kontrol. Masing-masing petak perlakuan berukuran 10 x 10 m. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap populasi hama utama kedelai. Hama utama yang diamati adalah Ophiomya phaseoli, Aphis gossypii, Lamprosema indicata, Spodoptera litura, Bemisia tabaci, Riptortus linearis dan Etiella zinckenella. Pengendalian hama terpadu mempengaruhi populasi kutu kebul pada varietas Anjasmoro sedangkan pada varietas Wilis pola pengelolaan hama tidak mempengaruhi populasi kutukebul. Populasi lalat kacang, kutudaun, ulat penggulung daun, ulat grayak, kepik penghisap polong dan ulat penggerek polong tidak dipengaruhi oleh pola pengelolaan hama yang berbeda. Produksi kedelai varietas Anjasmoro rendah disebabkan oleh adanya serangan virus dengan insidensi penyakit mencapai 80% pada petak tanpa perlakuan pengelolaan hama. Pola pengelolaan hama tidak berpengaruh pada hasil produksi. Pola pengelolaan hama terpadu lebih efisi...

Male commercial sex workers are one of the high-risk community for blood-borne viruses. However, there are no data concerning the molecular status of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) circulated among male commercial sex workers with injecting drug habits in Surakarta, Indonesia. Blood samples obtained from injecting drug male commercial sex workers in Surakarta were examined for HIV antibodies, HBsAg, and HCV antibodies, respectively, by immunological assays. Blood samples were also subjected to viral nucleic acid extraction and molecular detection of HIV, HBV, and HCV by nested (RT) PCRs. The PCR products were purified from agarose gels, and the nucleotide sequences were retrieved and molecular analyzed. HIV, HBV, and HCV were detected in 29.4% (10/34), 17.6% (6/34), and 52.9% (18/34), respectively. HIV CRF01_AE and B were found to be circulating in the community. HBV genotype B3 was predominated, followed by C1. HCV genotype 1a was predominated, followed by 1c, 3a, 1b, and 4a. HIV, HBV, and HCV were found circulating in the male commercial sex workers with injecting drug habits in Surakarta, Indonesia.

Introduction: The SNP HLA-C-35 kb (rs9264942) may contribute to the host immune defense mechanism by affecting the cell surface expression pattern of HLA-C and antigen presentation to CD8+ cytotoxic cells. Thus, this SNP may contribute to intracellular multidrug-resistant (MDR)-tuberculosis (TB) infection. Aim:To examine the association between the SNP HLA-C-35 kb (rs9264942) and the clinical profile of MDR-TB infection.Settings and design: MDR-TB-positive patients were followed from May 2012 to December 2013 to observe the progression of MDR-TB infection. Non-TB individuals and non-MDR-TB individuals were also recruited as controls. Materials and Methods:The patients' HLA-C-35 kb (rs9264942) status was determined by PCR.results: The C allele was slightly more frequent in the MDR-TB patients than in the non-MDR TB patients (OR= 1.28; 95% CI: 0.701 -2.328). The C allele was found to be more frequent in the MDR-TB patients exhibiting pulmonary fibrosis (OR= 2.13; 95% CI: 0.606 -7.480) or pulmonary infiltrates (OR= 3.17; 95% CI: 0.690 -14.598) and among the MDR-TB patients who were classified as underweight (OR= 8.00; 95% CI: 1.261 -50.770). The CC genotype was associated with the treatment after failure of category II group (OR= 4.17; 95% CI: 1.301 -13.346). conclusion: The C allele SNP HLA-C-35 kb (rs9264942) may contribute to the clinical profile in MDR-TB infection.