Kartagener syndrome is a rare genetic disorder which includes a triad of bronchiectasis, chronic sinusitis, and situs inversus. Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) can be one of the causes of the above symptoms in this syndrome. This study aims to contribute toward a greater understanding of Kartagener syndrome by reporting a rare case. This 16-year-old boy was hospitalized in the internal ward of 22 Bahman Hospital in Gonabad on February 23, 2016 and presented with suspected Kartagener syndrome and PCD, whose diagnosis of Kartagener syndrome and PCD was confirmed according to biopsy of the nose and antitrypsin test. The patient also underwent electrocardiography, chest X-ray, pelvic and abdominal ultrasound, and computed tomography scan with high resolution and no contrast of the chest, abdomen, and sinuses. As a rare disorder, Kartagener syndrome should be borne in mind in differential diagnoses of chronic respiratory infections and must be diagnosed as early as possible to improve patient's quality of life.

Objective: Striae happen to 50–90% of pregnant women and never disappears completely. It is, therefore, a major aesthetic concern for most women, which can cause psychological distress and disturbed body image. This study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of the topical use of apple vinegar on striae gravidarum.Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial study was conducted on 23 women referred to health centers in Gonabad city, selected according to inclusion criteria and systematic random method. The right half of the abdomen in each participant was considered as a trial group and the left half as the control. On the trial side, apple vinegar was massaged onto striae twice daily for 1 month. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, checklist of striae aesthetic change, a pair of calipers and a camera and analyzed in SPSS-20 using descriptive statistics, paired t, and Wilcoxon tests at significance level p<0.05.Results: No significant change was observed in mean length and width of striae in either trial or control sides after the intervention (p>0.05). However, on the trial side, the difference between striae length and width before and after the intervention was statistically significant (p<0.001). A significant difference was observed during intervention in the reduction in striae length and width on trial side (p<0.001).Conclusion: Topical application of apple vinegar effectively reduces the size of striae. Further and longer studies with larger sample size are recommended.

Aims: Pains caused by the invasive actions such as intramuscular injection lead to the physical and mental tensions in the children. Therefore, such pains should be given relief. One of the main priorities in the nursing is to notice methods that reduce pains due to the invasive actions in the children. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of injection displayed on a doll on the pain intensity due to the intramuscular injection in the preschool children. Materials & Methods:In the randomized controlled clinical trial, 62 kids aged between 4 and 6 years with pharyngitis were studied in the clinic of the health network of Khalil-abad Township in 2015. The intramuscular injection of penicillin 6.3.3 was administrated for the kids. The subjects, selected by simple lottery, were divided into two groups including experimental and control groups (n=31 per group). Data was collected using a demographic characteristic collecting form and Oucher standard pain assessment tool. In experimental group, the kid watching, one intramuscular injection was displayed on a doll by a nurse; then, the kid underwent an intramuscular injection. In control group, the routine injection method was done. Data was analyzed by SPSS 19 software using Mann-Whitney, independent T, and Chisquare tests. Findings: Mean pain intensity after injection in experimental group (3.22±0.90) was significantly lower than control group (4.19±0.83; p<0.001). Conclusion: The injection displayed on a doll before the intramuscular injection might lead to pain reduction in the preschool kids.

Aims: Preterm birth is an important unresolved issue that affected from biological, social, environmental stress and genetic factors. According to its importance, present study was conducted to identify of modifiable risk factor of preterm birth in Gonabad City, Iran. Materials & Methods: This case-control study was performed on 73 preterm and 160 term infants in 22th of Bahman Hospital of Gonabad City, Iran, in 2014. Sampling of case group was convenience and control group was random. Data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire from medical files and interviewing by mothers and then were analyzed by SPSS 18 and Chi-square, independent T, Exact Fisher, Kendall tau and logistic regression tests. Findings: Two groups were significantly different according to income levels, a history of premature birth, kind of delivery, occupation of father, location of residence, contribution in pregnancy classes (p<0.000), location of residence (p<0.001), number of children (p=0.046), unwanted pregnancy (p=0.005), mother's education level (p=0.042) and immigration status (p=0.012). A history of premature birth (OR=2.45; p=0.014), contribution in pregnancy classes (OR=2.81; p=0.007), income level (OR=0.068; p=0.002) and location of residence (OR=0.068; p=0.002) were predictors of preterm birth. Conclusion: A history of premature birth, contribution in pregnancy classes, income level and the location of residence were associated with chance of preterm birth.

Background: Sleep disturbances are very common among elderly population and mostly remain incurable. Practical, brief, and effective interventions are needed to promote sleep quality in older adults with moderate sleep disturbances. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a brief behavioral training program in ameliorating sleep quality in older adults suffering from moderate sleep disturbances. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 64 older adults with moderate sleep disturbances, as defined by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score ≥5. Participants were randomly allocated to either intervention (n=32) or control (n=32) group. Older adults in the intervention group received a brief behavioral-based sleep training program which was delivered in a single in-person session followed by four telephone sessions during 4 weeks. While their peers in the control group did not receive any intervention. The main outcome of the study was scores on the PSQI which was compared at pre- and post-intervention between both groups. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 19.0. Results: At 4 weeks, PSQI scores decreased in older adults receiving intervention, as compared with the scores of participants to the control group (P<0.001). Subjects in the intervention group also showed significant improvements in sleep latency, subjective sleep quality, sleep duration, and sleep efficiency (P<0.05). Conclusion: Brief behavioral interventions may be promising and useful for older adult population with moderate problems, and can be considered an efficacious and non-invasive intervention approach to improve elderly’s sleep quality.