SummaryThe effect of voluntary exercise on serum lipoprotein distributions, lecitin: cholesterol acryltransferase (LCAT) activity and serum electrophoretic patterns of mice fed different levels of dietary protein were investigated. Serum cholesterol of all exercise groups (E) showed a lower value than that of the non-exercise groups (NE). Ratios of cholesteryl ester to serum total cholesterol tended to be higher in the exercise groups than in non exercise groups. High density lipoprotein(HDL)-cholesterol/serum total cholesterol ratios and HDL-cholesterol/low density lipoprotein(LDL) cholesterol ratios were increased by voluntary exercise. With regard to low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, there were significant differ ences between 20% E and 20% NE groups, 4% E and 4% NE groups, respectively. It was found that HDL fractions in serum lipoprotein patterns of exercise groups differed from those of non-exercise groups. This seemed to be prominent in low protein diet groups. LCAT activity showed decreasing values as dietary protein levels decreased and its activity was raised by voluntary exercise in all groups.

A total of 293 measurements of respiration rate were made on planktonic crustaceans collected in different seasons from the Inland Sea of Japan. The relationship between the rate of oxygen consumption (R, glO2indiv. -~hr -*) and body dry weight (W, mg indiv.-~), as expressed by a power function (R=aW ~, or IogR=loga+blogFV), was established as a function of temperature (T, °C),The slope of the regression equation (b) was not significantly affected by seasonal temperature variation, but the intercept of the equation (loga) was strongly influenced by temperature. The equation descril:ing this general relation is logR= (0.0444 T--0.333)+0.713 log W.

SummaryThe effects of voluntary exercise on the growth, glycogen of muscle and lipid contents of the liver and serum of mice fed different levels of dietary protein were investigated. In both the exercise and non-exercise groups, body weight gains were significantly greater in the 20% and 30% protein diet groups than in the 6% and 4% protein diet groups. After 6 weeks of age, it was shown that the amount of voluntary exercise by the 6% and 4% protein diet groups was greater than that by the 20% and 30% protein diet groups. As for hematological status, the raising of hemoglobin levels due to increasing dietary protein levels was further exaggerated by voluntary exercise. Hematocrit values rose with the increase in dietary protein levels. However the effect of exercise on hematocrit values was not clear. Liver glycogen levels, which were elevated with the increase in dietary protein levels, rose further due to exercise, though no changes were observed in muscle glycogen due to dietary protein levels and exercise. The lipid contents of the liver in all groups tended to be lower in exercise groups compared with non-exercise groups and it was observed that the high levels of dietary protein depressed the increase in liver lipids. Liver triglyceride levels of all groups fed the dietary protein levels except for the 20% casein diet group decreased due to voluntary exercise, and liver triglyceride levels were also lowered as dietary protein levels increased. The levels of serum triglyceride of all groups decreased due to voluntary exercise. This phenomenon was most remarkable in rats fed a 6% casein diet. The tendency for serum cholesterol levels to decrease due to increasing dietary levels of protein was further intensified by voluntary exercise. However it was not further influenced by voluntary exercise in the 4% casein diet group.

SummaryPrevious reports have indicated that administration of a glucose-citrate (G-C) drink after a bout of exhaustive exercise results in more effective glycogen repletion in liver and skeletal muscle in rats as compared with administration of glucose alone. The present studies report the effects of the energy pattern and the type of carbohydrates, dextrin or starch from rice, in diet given following the G-C drink after exercise, on further glycogen repletion in the tissues of rats. Rats were adapted to meal-feeding 3 times a day and trained with light swimming for 7 to 10 days. On the final day of experiments, rats received the G-C drink after 2h of exhaustive swimming and were then fed on diets with different energy patterns or carbohydrate types. Results showed that a high-carbohydrate diet is more effective than a high-fat diet for further glycogen repletion in liver and skeletal muscle. In addition, dextrin was revealed to be superior to starch as a carbohydrate source in tissue glycogen repletion. As compared with the high-fat diet, the high-carbohydrate diet, however, resulted in a lower serum free fatty acid concentration 4h after ingestion of food possibly by decreasing adipose tissue lipolysis.